Pediatrics Flashcards
Newborn age range?
Normal pulse rate?
Normal respirations?
Younger than 1 month
100-205 bpm
30-60 RR
Infant age range?
Normal pulse rate?
Normal respirations?
1 to 12 months
100-180 bpm
30-53 RR
Toddlers age range?
Normal pulse rate?
Normal respirations?
1 to 2 years
98-140 bpm
22-37 RR
Preschooler age range?
Normal pulse rate?
Normal respirations?
3 to 5 years
80-120 bpm
20-28 RR
School age age range?
Normal pulse rate?
Normal respirations?
6 to 12 years
75-118 bpm
18-25 RR
Adolescent age range?
Normal pulse rate?
Normal respirations?
13 to 18 years
60-100 bpm
12-20 RR
What is the pediatric assessment triangle?
Appearance, circulation, and work of breathing
Formula for calculation of minimum systole blood pressure?
70 + (Age x 2)
What is croup?
An upper airway infection that causes a seal-like barky cough and stridor. These patients usually get better when put into cold or humid air. Croup causes narrowing of the airway, which can be life threatening if not treated. This has a slow onset.
What is epiglottitis?
An inflammation of the epiglottis cause by a bacterial infection. Kids with this usually have trouble swallowing and have a lot of drool. These kids need to be kept calm and do not agitate them. This has a rapid onset.
What is bacterial tracheitis?
A rare infection of the upper airway and subglottic trachea that may occur after a viral respiratory illness such a croup. This illness can cause severe airway obstruction and respiratory arrest. This causes respiratory distress, cough the produces pus or mucus, fever, hoarseness, and stridor
What is asthma?
A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that may cause recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough. Ask questions like have you been in the ICU or intubated for your asthma before?
Oxytocin trade name?
Pitocin
Oxytocin classification?
Pituitary hormone
Oxytocin actions?
Stimulates uterine smooth muscle contractions, this causes a reduction in blood flow to the uterus. Stimulates the mammary glands to increase lactation. Administered prehospital setting to control postpartum bleeding.
Oxytocin onset/duration?
Immediate / 20 minutes after infusion stops
Oxytocin indications?
Postpartum hemorrhage
Oxytocin contraindications?
Hypertonic or hyperactive uterus, presence of second fetus, and fetal distress
Oxytocin side effects?
Hypotension, tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, anxiety, seizure, nausea and vomiting, allergic reaction, uterine rupture
Oxytocin route of admin?
IV, IM
Oxytocin adult dose?
Postpartum hemorrhage:
IM: 3-10 units
Bleeding following incomplete or elective abortion:
IV: Mix 10-40 units in 1000cc Normal Saline; infuse at 10-40 miliuinits/min, titrate to severity of bleeding and uterine response.
Oxytocin supply?
10 units/ 1mL ampule
5 units/ 1mL ampule
Racemic Epinephrine trade name?
Micronefrin
Racemic Epi classification?
Muscle relaxant, Sympathomimetic
Racemic Epi actions?
Bronchodilator, reduces mucosal edema reduces airway smooth muscle spasms
Racemic Epi onset/duration?
< 5 min / 1-3 hours
Racemic Epi indications?
Croup, bronchial asthma, bronchospasms, laryngeal edema
Racemic Epi contraindications?
Epiglottitis, hypertension, underlying cardiovascular disease, MAOI psychiatric drugs
Racemic Epi side effects?
Nervousness, tremors, restlessness, tachycardia
Racemic Epi route of admin?
Nebulized
Racemic Epi adult dose?
Dilute 0.5mL in 5mL (1% or 2.25%) of Normal Saline, administer nebulized over 15 minutes
Racemic Epi pediatric dose?
Dilute 0.25-0.5mL in 3mL (2.25%) of Normal Saline, administer nebulized over 15 minutes
Racemic Epi supply?
25,50mg/mL in 1mL ampules
