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Respiratory Drug Flashcards

1
Q

Classes of Drugs acting on the upper respiratory tract

A

histamine-blocking agents/ anti-histamine
decongestants
expectorants
antitussives
mucolytics

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2
Q

Classes of Drugs acting on the lower respiratory tract

A

bronchodilators
sympathomimetics
anticholinergics
leukotriene receptor antagonists/ antileukotriene agents
lung surfactants

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3
Q

Subcategories of antihistamines

A

first-generation antihistamines
second-generation antihistamines

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4
Q

Examples of first-generation antihistamines

A

diphenhydramine HCl (Benadryl)
promethazine HCl (Phenergan)
meclizine (Bonamine)
brompheniramine (Dimetapp)

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5
Q

Examples of second-generation antihistamine

A

cetirizine (Zyrtec)
levocetirizine (Xyzal)
loratidine (Claritin)
fexofenadine (Allegra)

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6
Q

Subcategories of decongestants

A

topical nasal decongestants
oral decongestants
topical steroid nasal

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7
Q

Examples of topical nasal decongestants

A

ephedrine (Pretz-D)
phenylephrine (Coricidin)

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8
Q

Examples of oral decongestants

A

pseudoephedrine (Decofed)

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9
Q

Examples of topical steroid nasal

A

dexamethasone (Decadron)
budesonide (Pulmicort)
Flunisolide (AeroBid)

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10
Q

Examples of expectorants

A

potassium iodide (SSKI)
guiafenesin (Robitussin, Anti-Tuss)

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11
Q

Subcategories of antitussives

A

narcotic
non-narcotic

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12
Q

Examples of narcotic antitussives

A

codeine
dextromethorphan (Benylin)
hydrocodone (Hycodan)

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13
Q

Examples of non-narcotic antitussives

A

benzonatate (Tessalon)

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14
Q

examples of mucolytics

A

acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
dornase alfa (Pulmozyme)

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15
Q

Examples of bronchodilators

A

aminophylline (Truphylline)
caffeine (Caffedrine)
thoephylline (Theo-Dur)

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16
Q

examples of sympathomimetics

A

albuterol (Proventil)
ephedrine
epinephrine (Sus-Phrine)
isoproterenol (Isuprel)
terbutaline (Brethaire)

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17
Q

examples of anticholinergics

A

ipatropium (Atrovent)
tiotropium (Spiriva)

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18
Q

examples of leukotriene receptor antagonists/ antileukotriene agents

A

montelukast (Singulair)
zafirlukast (Accolate)

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19
Q

examples of lung surfactants

A

beractant (Survanta)
Calfactant (Infasurf)
poractant (Curosurf)

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20
Q

these agents block the release or action of histamine 1 (H1), a chemical released during inflammation that increases secretions and narrows airways; they also have anticholinergic and antipruritic effects.

A

Histamine-Blocking Agents or Antihistamine

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21
Q

what is the most common adverse effect for first-generation antihistamines?

22
Q

When should antihistamines be administered?

A

on an empty stomach
1 hr before meals or 2 hrs after meals

23
Q

anticholinergic effects may be prolonged

A

monoamine inhibitor

24
Q

they mat raise fexofenadine concentrations to toxic levels

A

ketoconazole or erythromycin

25
these agents loosen bronchial secretions so they can be eliminated by coughing. They liquefy respiratory secretions by increasing their water content, thereby reducing viscosity and stickiness of these secretions.
Expectorants
26
Indications for Antihistamine
seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis allergic conjunctivitis uncomplicated urticaria angioedema
27
Adverse effects of antihistamines
sedation drowsiness anticholinergic effects pradoxical excitation
28
Indications for expectorants
dry, non-productive cough influenza bronchial asthma bronchitis pulmonary emphysema
29
Adverse effects of expectorants
nausea vomiting headache dizziness rashes urticarial hyperkalemia
30
what is the best expectorant
water (increase hydration)
31
these agents supress the cough reflex through direct depressive action on the cough center of the brain (opioid or narcotic) or direct anesthetic effect on the stretch receptors in the respiratory tract (non-opioid or non-narcotic)
Antitussives
32
Indications for antitussives
non-productive cough post-operative repair of hernia
33
Adverse effects of antitussives
dry mouth urinary retention nausea vomiting constipation
34
If patient is receiving several oral medications what should be administered last?
syrup preparation
35
these agents help to liquefy and loosen thick respiratory secretions by dissolving the chemical bonds within the mucus itself. This facilitates expectoration or coughing up of the secretions.
Mucolytics
36
Indications of Mucolytics
productive cough COPD cystic fibrosis pneumonia tubercolosis diagnostic bronchoscopy trachoestomy
37
also used orally as antidote to acetaminophen toxicity.
Acetylcysteine
38
It protects liver cells from being damaged by normalizing hepatic glutathione levels and by binding with the reactive hepatotoxic metabolite of acetaminophen.
Acetylcysteine
39
Adverse effects of mucolytics
stomatitis rhinorrhea bronchospasm occasional rash
40
These are pharmacologic agents that are used to facilitate respiration by dilating the airways. They may be administered orally, producing systemic effects, or directly into the airway thru nebulization.
Bronchodilators
41
Indications for bronchodilators
bronchial asthma bronchospasm associated with COPD
42
Three drug classes of bronchodilators
xanthine bronchodilators sympathomimetics adrenergic agents
43
theseagentsactdirectlyonthesmooth muscles of the bronchi and blood vessels in the respiratory tract. They are used in combination with sympathomimetic bronchodilators to reverse airway constriction thereby resulting in easier breathing and reduced wheezing.
xanthines
44
Adverse effects of bronchodilators
irritability palpitations loss of appetite proteinuria respiratory arrest fever tremors flushing dizziness restlessness life-threatening arrhythmias
45
increases the metabolism of xanthines
nicotine
46
increase the toxic effect of xanthines
cimetidine erythromycin nifedipine thiabendazole
47
reduces therapeutic effect of xanthines
rifampin phenytoin carbamazepine barbiturates
48
has antagonistic effect with xanthines
beta-blocker
49
increased renal excretion with xanthines
lithium
50
Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index and a narrow therapeutic range of…
10-20 ug/ml
51
these agents competitively block or antagonize the receptors responsible for the production of leukotrienes D4 and E4, components of SRSA. This action leads to reduced inflammation of the airway wall, decreased mucous production, and bronchodilation
leukotriene receptor antagonists / antileukotriene agents
52
Adverse effects of antileukotriene agents
headache dizziness nausea diarrhea abdominal pain elevated liver enzyme concentrations vomiting generalized pain fever myalgia

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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