DRUGS ACTING ON THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Question 1

Drugs Affecting GI secretions

Answer 1

histamie-2 antagonists
antacids
proton pump inhibitors
GI protectant
prostaglandin
miscellaneous agents

Question 2

Drugs affecting GI motility

Answer 2

laxatives
antidiarrheals
antiemetics

Question 3

Miscellaneous drugs to treat self-poisoning

Answer 3

activated charcoal

Question 4

these agents prevent the stimulation of the secretory cells by blocking
histamine receptors at the parietal cells of the stomach. This action ultimately
results to a decrease in the secretion of gastric acid as well as a decrease in the
production of pepsin.

Answer 4

Histamine 2 Antagonists / Histamine-Blocking Agents

Question 5

these agents are used as prophylaxis in susceptible patients (e.g.
those who are critically ill and high risk to develop stress-induced ulcer); as
short-term treatment of active ulcer; treatment of pathologic hypersecretory
conditions (e.g. Zolliner-Ellison Syndrome), GERD; relief of relief symptoms of
heartburn, sour stomach (OTC preparations)

Answer 5

Histamine 2 Antagonists / Histamine-Blocking Agents

Question 6

Adverse effects of Histamine-2 Antagonists

Answer 6

diarrhea or constipation
headache
confusion
dizziness
impotence
gynecomastia
arrhythmias
hypotension
rashes

Question 7

increased level of histamin-2 antagonists

Answer 7

warfarin
phenytoin
chloroquine
theophylline
lidocaine
nifedipine

Question 8

these are inorganic, alkaline agents that act as stomach acid neutralizers
by direct chemical reaction resulting to increase pH of stomach contents.

Answer 8

Antacids

Question 9

The primary goal of antacid therapy is the relief of pain through:

Answer 9

• neutralization of stomach acid
• improved resistance of stomach lining
• increased tone of the lower esophageal sphincter
• inhibition of pepsin’s protein-digesting ability

Question 10

for the symptomatic relief of upset stomach associated with
hyperacidity, as well as the hyperacidity associated with peptic ulcer, gastritis,
peptic esophagitis, gastric hyperacidity, and hiatal hernia

Answer 10

antacids

Question 11

duration of action of antacids

Answer 11

30-60 minutes

Question 12

increased level of antacids

Answer 12

quinidine
amphetamines
dicumarol

Question 13

these agents suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the hydrogen–
potassium adenosine triphosphatase enzyme system that is needed in the final
step of acid production

Answer 13

proton pump inhibitors

Question 14

these agents are used in the treatment of ulcers, GERD, erosive
esophagitis, hypersecretory conditions, H. pylori infection (as adjunct therapy)

Answer 14

proton pump inhibitors

Question 15

safety and efficacy of these agents have not been established in patients
younger than 18 years old except,

Answer 15

lansoprazole

Question 16

– increased cardiovascular effects when it interacts with proton pump inhibitors

Answer 16

clopidogrel

Question 17

– decreased level of these drugs when it interacts with proton pump inhibitors

Answer 17

ketoconazole
theophylline

Question 18

– increased serum levels of these
drugs when it interacts with proton pump inhibitor

Answer 18

benzodiazepines
phenytoin
warfarin

Question 19

– impaired absorption of this drug when it interacts with proton pump inhibitor

Answer 19

sucralfate

Question 20

Proton pump inhibitors are taken before or after meals?

Answer 20

before meals

Question 21

These are cathartic agents used to increase GI motility and promote bowel evacuation through several mechanisms

Answer 21

Laxatives

Question 22

they directly stimulate the sensory nerve endings in the intestinal wall causing chemical irritation of the intestinal mucosa. Most exert local effects on the GIT and are not absorbed systemically

Answer 22

Chemical Stimulants

Question 23

rapid-acting laxatives that absorb fluid in the intestinal contents which increases fecal bulk and stimulates peristalsis; generally not absorbed in the system

Answer 23

Bulk stimulants/ mechanical stimulants

Question 24

works by exerting a detergent action on the surface of the intestinal
bolus making the stools softer (docusate), by forming a slippery coat on the
intestinal bolus (mineral oil), or by exerting a hyperosmolar pull (glycerin).
These agents are not absorbed systemically

Answer 24

Lubricants

Question 25

the indications for this drug are to promote GIT emptying in preparation for surgery or diagnostic procedures; to prevent straining after surgery, MI, obstetric delivery; short-term treatment of constipation; as management of GI poisoning (Mg sulfate)

Answer 25

Laxatives

Question 26

decreased absorption of fats including fat-soluble vitamins,
constipation secondary to GIT exhaustion, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, GI effects (abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea), CNS effects (dizziness, headache, and weakness), palpitations, flushing, sweating, cathartic dependence are adverse effects of what drugs?

Answer 26

Laxatives

Question 27

Onset of action of laxatives

Answer 27

2 to 8 hours

Question 28

administration of laxatives should be ______ apart

Answer 28

30 minutes

Question 29

when it interacts with laxatives it increases risk of
neuromuscular blockade when take with magnesium salts

Answer 29

nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers

Question 30

these agents slow peristalsis through a number of mechanisms:
 (1) inhibition of local reflexes through direct action on the lining of the GI tract
 (2) decrease in peristalsis through direct action on of GIT muscles
 (3) binding with toxins or absorb more fluid to form bulkier stools
 (4) direct action on CNS centers

Answer 30

Antidiarrheal Agents

Question 31

What drugs are used for acute and chronic diarrhea, reduction of discharges from ileostomies, and in preventing cramping and distention associated with other conditions such as dietary
excess, those with altered GI flora, and traveller’s diarrhea.

Answer 31

Antidiarrheal Agents

Question 32

The adverse effects of these drugs are effects (dry mouth, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation,
abdominal pain, distention), CNS effects especially when using opium derivatives (drowsiness, headache, sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression).

Answer 32

Antidiarrheal Agents

Question 33

antidiarrheal agents increases risk of CNS depression when it interacts with these drugs

Answer 33

antihistamines
sedatives
hypnotics

Question 34

antidiarrheal agents increase risk of hypertensive crisi when it interacts with…

Answer 34

MAO inhibitors