Drugs Acting on the Endocrine System Flashcards
Drugs for hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and parathyroid glands
Hypothalamic Agents
Pituitary Agents
Thyroid Agents
Antithyroid Agents
Parathyroid Agents
Drugs for adrenal gland and pancreatic disorders
Antidiabetic Agents
Glucose-elevating Agents
The adrenocortical drugs and mineralocorticoid drugs
Adrenocortical Agents
Mineralocorticoid Agents
Drugs Affecting the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Thyroid Agents
Antithyroid Agents
Parathyroid Agents
these synthetic or natural hormones replace the low or absent levels of natural thyroid hormones and influence organs and tissues. These hormones
are concerned with increasing the metabolic rate of tissues, resulting to increase oxygen consumption, respiration, heart rate, growth and maturation, and increase in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Thyroid Agents
these agents are used as replacement hormone for hypothyroid states (myxedema coma, Hashimoto’s disease, thyroid cancer); suppression of
TSH in euthyroid goiter; treatment for thyroid toxicity in conjunction with antithyroid drugs; treatment for thyroid overstimulation during pregnancy; diagnostic drug to differentiate suspected hyperthyroidism from euthyroidism
Thyroid Agents
Adverse effects: skin rashes, hair loss, symptoms of hyperthyroidism (heat intolerance, elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, tremors, insomnia, anxiety, fatigue, weight loss, flushing)
Thyroid Agents
Diseases/Illness that thyroid agents are contraindicated
cardiovascular disorders
adrenal insufficiency
Which drug decrease the absorption of thyroid hormones?
cholestyramine
Which drugs leads to decreased effectiveness of cardiac drugs when it interacts with thyroid agents?
digoxin
beta-blockers
thyroid agents increase risk of hypoglycemia when it interacts with…
insulin and oral hypoglycemics
thyroid agents increase risk for bleeding when it interacts with…
oral anticoagulants
effectiveness of thyroid agents decreases when it interacts with…
antidepressants
Patients teachings to clients who takes thyroid agents:
- adhere to blood test schedule
- maintain proper skin care
- adhere to follow-up check -up and blood test schedules
acts to suppress the production of thyroid hormones. They do not affect existing thyroid hormones that are circulating in the blood or stored in the thyroid gland.
Antithyroid Agents
Indication: diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism; suppression of thyroid function before surgery for hyperthyroidism; treatment of Grave’s disease, thyroid crisis
Antithyroid Agents
two subcategories of antithyroid agents
Thioamides
Iodine Solutions
these agents prevent the synthesis of thyroid hormone in the cells,
thus lowering the serum levels of thyroid hormone. They also partially inhibit
the conversion of T4 to T3 at the cellular level.
Thioamides
Adverse effects: symptoms of thyroid suppression (drowsiness, lethargy,
bradycardia, weight gain); GI symptoms (nausea, vomiting); paresthesias
Thioamides
creates an oversupply of iodine causing the thyroid cells to stop
producing hormones. In some cases, these agents (e.g. radioactive iodine)
can cause thyroid cell destruction
Iodine Solutions
Adverse effects: hypothyroidism, iodism, teeth staining, skin rashes, goiter,
nausea, vomiting, tachycardia
Iodine Solutions
