Antibacterial Agents

Question 1

Subclasses of Antibacterial Agents:

Answer 1

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams

Question 2

Bacteriostatic antibiotics:

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Chloramphenicol

Question 3

potent, broad-spectrum antibiotics with bactericidal action by disrupting the functional ability of the bacterial cell wall, inhibiting protein synthesis, and binding with ribosomes.

Answer 3

Aminoglycosides

Question 4

Aminoglycosides are agents indicated for;

Answer 4

UTI
meningitis
wound infections
septicemia
other serious infections cause by gram-negative bacteria

Question 5

Examples of Aminoglycosides are:

Answer 5

tobramycin (Tobrex)
amikacin (Amikacin)
neomycin (Mycifradin)
gentamycin (Garamycin)
streptomycin (Humetin)

Question 6

Penicillins form the large group of chemically related antibiotics which were first derived from a

Answer 6

mold

Question 7

grouped as natural, extended-spectrum, penicillinase-resistant, or combination products

Answer 7

Penicillins

Question 8

MOA of Penicillins

Answer 8

interfere bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 9

an enzyme developed by bacteria to resist penicillin

Answer 9

penicillinase

Question 10

Penicillinase has the capacity to inactivate penicillin by breaking its _______.

Answer 10

beta-lactam ring

Question 11

Penicillin are indicated to treat:

Answer 11

Middle ear infection
respiratory tract infection
genitourinary tract infection
other infections caused by streptococcus, staphylococcus, pneumococcus, meningococcus, and anthrax

Question 12

Penicillin is prescribed as prophylaxis for…

Answer 12

Surgery
dental procedures
bacterial endocarditis

Question 13

Major Classifications of Penicillin

Answer 13

Natural/Basic Penicillin
Extended-Spectrum Penicillins
Penicillinase-resistant penicillin
Combination products

Question 14

Example of Natural/ Basic Penicillin

Answer 14

penicillin-G sodium or potassium (Pfizerpen)

Question 15

Examples of Extended-Spectrum Penicillin

Answer 15

Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Ampicillin (Principen)

Question 16

Examples of Penicillinase-resistant Penicillin

Answer 16

nafcillin sodium (Nafcillin)
oxacillin sodium (Oxacillin)
cloxacillin sodium

Question 17

Example of combination products

Answer 17

ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn)
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate (co-amoxiclav) (Augmentin)
piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn)

Question 18

Where do you administer penicillin IM in adults?

Answer 18

upper outer quadrant of buttocks

Question 19

Where do administer penicillin IM in young children?

Answer 19

midlateral thigh

Question 20

prevents excretion of penicillin

Answer 20

probenecid

Question 21

decrease absorption of oral penicillin

Answer 21

antacid

Question 22

effectiveness is decreased by penicillin

Answer 22

oral contraceptives

Question 23

effectiveness is increased by penicillin

Answer 23

oral coagulants

Question 24

This group of antibiotics is chemically and structurally related to penicillin and has a similar MOA.

Answer 24

Cephalosporins

Question 25

this is an enzyme produced by the microorganism that inactivates cephalosporins

Answer 25

cephalosporinase

Question 26

effective against g(+) and mild activity against g(- ) microorganisms including P. mirabilis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae (PEK)

Answer 26

First generation cephalosporins

Question 27

increased activity against g(-) including H. influenza, E. aerogenes, Neisseria species and PEK (HENPEK); less effective against g(+)

Answer 27

Second generation cephalosporins

Question 28

weak against g(+), potent against g(-) including HENPEK and S. marcescens (HENPEKS)

Answer 28

Third generation cephalosporins

Question 29

active against g(+) and g(-) including cephalosporin-resistant staphylococciandP.aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant organisms

Answer 29

Fourth generation cephalosporins

Question 30

Examples of First Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 30

cephalexin (Keflex) cefazolin (Ancef)

Question 31

Examples of Second Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 31

cefaclor (Ceclor) cefoxitin (Mefoxin) cefuroxime (Zinacef)

Question 32

Examples of Third Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 32

cefixime (Suprax) cefotaxime (Claforan) ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Question 33

Examples of Fourth Generation Cephalosporins

Answer 33

cefditoren (Spectracef) cefepime (Maxipime) ceftaroline (Teflaro)

Question 34

decreases absorption of cephalosporin

Answer 34

antacid

Question 35

increases blood levels of certain cephalosporins

Answer 35

diuretics (furosemide)

Question 36

a drug that is used to treat alcoholism.

Answer 36

Disulfiram

Question 37

effectiveness is decreased by cephalosporin

Answer 37

oral contraceptives

Question 38

effectiveness is increased by cephalosporin

Answer 38

oral anticoagulants

Question 39

a life-threatening inflammatory bowel condition characterized by bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. This is one type of bacterial superinfection.

Answer 39

Pseudomembranous colitis

Question 40

vein inflammation

Answer 40

phlebitis

Question 41

work by inhibiting protein synthesis, leading to the inability of the bacterial cell to multiply.

Answer 41

Tetracyclines

Question 42

Tetracyclines are indicated to treat…

Answer 42

genitourinary tract infection respiratory tract infection meningitis acne cholera mycoplasmic infections

Question 43

Examples of tetracycline drugs

Answer 43

doxycycline (Vibramycin) tetracycline (Sumycin) minocycline (Minocin)