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CABS pulmonology > Respiratory drive > Flashcards

Respiratory drive Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood PH controlled by

A

H+ concentration

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2
Q

What is a normal Ph concentration

A

7.35-7.45

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3
Q

What is the result of too much H+

A

acidosis

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4
Q

How much CO2 do we produce each minute

A

200mL/min

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5
Q

Where does carbon dioxide come from

A

H2CO3 (waste product of cellular metabolism)

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6
Q

What is normal PaCO2

A

40mmHg

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7
Q

How much more soluble is CO2 than O2

A

20x more soluble

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8
Q

What does it mean for something to be a weak acid

A

more easily dissociates

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9
Q

What are the main determents of PH in the body

A

carbonic acid and pCO2

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10
Q

What is bicarbonate controlled by

A

the kidneys

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11
Q

What is a normal Bicarb level

A

22-26 mEq/L

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12
Q

What is hypoxia

A

low O2 in the peripheral tissue

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13
Q

What can cause hypoxia

A

increased O2 demand
Decreased Hgb carrying capacity

Decreased ability of O2 to reach specific tissue

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14
Q

What things are considered voluntary breathing

A

talking
singing
laughing
breath holding

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15
Q

Where are chemoreceptors located

A

centrally within the medulla

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16
Q

Where are O2 receptors located

A

in the periphery

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17
Q

Where are CO2 receptors located

A

periphery and centrally

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18
Q

What is hypercapnia

A

CO2 increases
pH becomes more acidic

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19
Q

What is hypocapnnia

A

CO2 drops
pH becomes alkalotic

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20
Q

What are the main chemoreceptors

A

O2
CO2

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21
Q

What do central chemoreceptors detect

A

pH of CSF

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22
Q

What can cause the chemoreceptors to become less sensitive

A

With chronic hypoxia (COPD)

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23
Q

At what level does are body care about the O2 level

A

PaO2<60mmHg

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24
Q

What are the respiratory centers within the brainstem

A

pneumotaxic center (pons)
Apneustic (pons)

Dorsal and ventral resp. group (Medulla)

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25
What can trigger involuntary breathing
Pain Emotion disease
26
What does the pneumotaxic center do
modify breathing rhythm that is set forth by the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups
27
What helps with inspiration / expiration transition
pneumotaxic center
28
What does the Apneustic center do
Modify breathing rhythm that is set forth by the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups Input from stretch receptors primarily involved with inspiration
29
What does the dorsal respiratory group do
primary control of respiratory drive
30
Where things trigger the dorsal respiratory group
lungs carotid neural (Chemical, mechanical, neuro) *Drop in pH and PaCO2
31
What structure signals the calm breathing muscles to begin expiration
Dorsal respiratory group
32
What are the calm breathing muscles
diaphragm external intercostals
33
When is the ventral respiratory group activated
times of increased effort
34
What group is the breathing pacemakers
ventral respiratory group
35
What hormone stimulates ventral respiratory group
dopamine
36
What stimulates the VRG to increase frequency of ventilation
DRG
37
How do the carotid chemoreceptors send respiratory stimuli to the medulla
glossopharyngeal nerve
38
How will aortic chemoreceptors send respiratory stimuli to the medulla
the vagus nerve
39
What do the lung receptors do
send AFFERENT stimuli to the dorsal respiratory group
40
When do the irritant receptors react
to noxious stimuli
41
Where are irritant receptors found and how do they work
conducting airway epithelium trigger cough reflex cause bronchoconstriction
42
What do stretch receptors do
assist with ventilatory rate/volume as the smooth muscle sense/react to over inflation/deflation
43
Who are the lung receptors most important in
babies and exercising results
44
What is the herring Breuer reflex
Stopping of inspiration
45
What do J receptors do
sense pulmonary capillary pressure *Rapid shallow breathing
46
Which nervous system determines the diameter of the airway
ANS
47
What does the parasympathetic system do to the airways
constriction
48
What does the sympathetic system do to the airway
relaxation
49
What happens if a patient has a depressed CNS
pH will decrease because we are retaining CO2
50
What happens if a patient has anxiety
pH will increase because we are breathing off more CO2
51
What happens if a person has a neuromuscular disorder
pH will decrease because we are retaining CO2
52
What happens if a patient has diabetic ketoacidosis
pH decrease ill trigger respiratory center to breath faster/harder to breathe of CO2 to buffer the pH and bring pH closer to normal
53
what is FiO2
The amount of oxygen someone is receiving through different devices (%)
54
How much oxygen is in sea level / room air
21%
55
What is the partial pressure of oxygen
pressure exerted by a gas within the confined container
56
What is the PaO2 in the pulmonary artery
40mmHg
57
What is the PaO2 of the pulmonary vein
100mmHg
58
What is SaO2
percentage of hemoglobin sites bound to O2
59
How much oxygen can hemoglobin carry
4 O2 molecules
60
What is responsible for changing the Hgb form to open the overall configuration for O2 to bind
oxyhemoglobin
61
What is the most powerful respiratory stimuli
partial pressure O2 (especially <60mmHg)
62
What factors effect PaO2
Barometric pressure (760mmHg) FiO2 How well ventilation occurs humidity
63
What is an ABG the gold standard for evaluating
acid-base balance oxygenation ventilation
64
What are the indications for an ABG
Critically ill respiratory conditions metabolic disorders
65
What is an ABG sensitive to
Time (analyze ASAP) Temp (Ice after draw)
66
What does the ABG tell us
pH PO2 PCO2 HCO3 SaO2 degree of excess/deficit of base in blood
67
How do you calculate the anion gap
BMP/CMP
68
What are alternatives to an ABG
Venous blood gas End-tidal CO2/capnography
69
What info do you get with a VBG
pH HCO3 concentration
70
Why is pH control important
to maintain integrity of cells and enzymatic function

CABS pulmonology (8 decks)

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