interstitial lung disease Flashcards
What is pulmonary fibrosis
scarring of parenchyma
What is airspace
alveolar disease
What is included with airspace
Diseases that fill alveoli with fluid
-pneumonia
-edema
-hemorrhage
-aspiration
-sarcoidosis
-lymphoma
How will alveolar disease look on imaging
fluffy
What is interstitial disease
infiltrative disease leading to fibrosis of the lungs
What is the most common type of pulmonary fibrosis
idiopathic
What cells are effected with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Loss of Type 1 and overgrowth of type 2 which impairs the repairing/growth of damaged cells
What is pneumoconiosis
pulmonary fibrosis associated with chronic exposure to inorganic dust particles
What cause pneumoconiosis
silica
asbestos
coal
What are in the lung is effected with pneumoconiosis
scarring of the alveolocapillary membrane
What classifications must be met to be diagnosed with pneumoconiosis
known exposure of offending agent
must have latent period
exclusion of other causes
exam/symptoms/imaging consistent with disease
Where is coal workers pneumonia most common
KY
WV
VA
What is the pathophys for coal miners lung
coal dust enters the lung
macrophages attack particles
cytokine release
nodules form
bronchioles dilate
airways change shape
obstruction
Where do the fibrotic areas form with coal miners lung
where the most coal dust enters
Where are black masses found with coal miners lung
upper, posterior lung field
How will coal miners lung present
Melanoptysis
pulmonary HTN
Progressive dyspnea
What is silicosis
Occupational lung disease associated with crystalline silica
What is acute silicosis
develops within a few weeks after a few years of exposure
What is accelerated silicosis
begins 5-10 years after significant exposure
What is chronic silicosis
innumerable round opacities noted on imaging
Where does silica dust settle with silicosis
terminal bronchioles and alveoli
What is the pathophys with silicosis
-toxin inhaled
-macrophages activated
-Cytokine release
-Oxygen radicals form which directly -damage macrophages
-fibrosis occurs
-type 2 cells broken down
What disease is commonly found with silicosis
TB
What is the progression of silicosis
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung cancer
Mesothelioma
What is sarcoidosis
granulomatous disease makes by accumulation of T lymphocytes and phagocytes
What epigenetic trigger occurs with sarcoidosis
HLA
What type of granuloma occurs with sarcoidosis
Non-caseating
If a granuloma forms outside the lungs what can occur
Meningitis
Uveitis
Restrictive cariomyopathy
hepatosplenomegaly
arthralgias
erythema nodosum
What is the most common subtype of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Farmers lung
Where are hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Humid areas
may be seasonal
exposure to fungi/mold/yeast etc
Who is bird fanciers lung seen in
pigeon breeders
*associated with handling bird stool or material on feathers
