Respiratory Drills Flashcards
Which of the following belongs to the respiratory portion of the lower respiratory system?
both C and D
The exchange of gases between blood and cells is called ____.
internal respiration.
Which of the following does NOT belong to the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
alveolar ducts
The internal part of the nose is connected to the pharynx through the ____.
internal nares
The nasal cavity is lined with ____.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
The palatine tonsils are found in the _____.
oropharynx
The structure with openings to the Eustachian tubes is the ______.
nasopharynx
The nasal cavity is divided into right and left sides by the _____.
nasal septum
Which of the following is called the Adam’s apple?
thyroid cartilage
The structure which closes off the larynx is the _____.
epiglottis
The greater the pressure of air against the vocal cords, _____.
the louder the sound
The false vocal cords ______.
None of the above.
Which of the following describes a correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways?
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
The C-shaped rings that provide support for the wall of the trachea are made out of ______.
hyaline cartilage
Histamine _____.
causes bronchiole constriction
Epinephrine _____.
causes bronchiole dilation
The pain of pleurisy is caused by _____.
friction between the swollen membranes
Which of the following is NOT a structure associated with the lungs?
endocardium
The exchange of gases occurs in the ________.
alveoli
Surfactant is produced by ______.
Surfactant-secreting cells
Which of the following divides into alveolar ducts?
respiratory bronchioles
For air to enter the lungs during inspiration ______.
the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the atmospheric pressure
The lungs contain about _______ alveoli.
300 million
The volume of air that can be exhaled after normal exhalation is the ________.
expiratory reserve volume
The volume of air in a normal breath is called _______.
tidal volume
The total lung capacity equals ________.
TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Gas exchange in the lungs happens by the process of ________.
diffusion
All of the following decrease the efficiency of external respiration EXCEPT _______.
increased alveolar PO2
Most oxygen in the blood is transported _______.
as oxyhemoglobin
Nerve impulses travel from the active inspiratory area to the diaphragm via the _______.
phrenic nerve
Approximately how much CO2 in the blood is carried as bicarbonate?
close to 60%
When stretch receptors in the lungs are activated _______.
All of the above
The primary chemical stimulus for breathing is the concentration of _________.
H+ and carbon dioxide concentration of blood
The basic rhythm of respiration is controlled by the ________.
medulla oblongata
Painful or labored breathing is referred to as ________.
dyspnea
A disorder characterized by the destruction of the alveolar walls is _______.
emphysema
Respiration rates are controlled mainly by the:
medulla oblongata & pons and the amount of CO2 in the blood
The vocal cords are located in the:
larynx
Cartilaginous rings:
all of the above are true
Breathing is controlled by the respiratory center(s) located in the:
medulla oblongata and pons
The flap of cartilage that closes off the larynx and prevents food and water from entering the larynx during swallowing is the:
epiglottis
Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system?
transport of nutrients to tissue
Which of the following communicates with the laryngopharynx?
all of the above
Which of the following affect the release of oxygen from hemoglobin?
all of the above affect the release of oxygen
Carbon monoxide:
both B & C
Smoking can cause:
all of the above
Changes in the respiratory system during exercise include all but which of the following:
less carbon dioxide is produced
The vital capacity can decrease by as much as ___ by the age 70.
50%
True or False: The first step of respiration is external respiration.
FALSE. The first step of respiration is pulmonary ventilation.
True or False: The nostrils are also called external nares.
TRUE.
True or False: The middle portion of the pharynx is the nasopharynx.
FALSE. The middle portion of the pharynx is the oropharynx, not the nasopharynx.
True or False: The mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds.
TRUE.
True or False: The trachea is located lateral to the esophagus.
FALSE. The trachea is located anterior to the esophagus, not lateral.
True or False: Tertiary bronchi divide into terminal bronchioles.
FALSE. Tertiary bronchi divide into smaller bronchioles, not terminal bronchioles.
True or False: The narrow top portion of the lung is called the apex.
TRUE.
True or False: The right lung is divided into three lobes.
TRUE.
True or False: In order for respiration to occur, the volume of the lung needs to be increased.
TRUE.
True or False: The nasal cavity is divided into top, middle and bottom portions by nasal conchae and into a right and left side by the nasal septum. The purpose is to circulate air to warm, cleanse, examine and moisten it.
TRUE.
True or False: The pressure inside the lungs is the alveolar pressure.
TRUE.
True or False: The record of pulmonary volumes and capacities is called a spirogram.
TRUE.
True or False: In clinical practice the word ventilation means inspiration only.
FALSE. Ventilation refers to both inspiration and expiration, not just inspiration.
True or False: The total pressure of a gas mixture is calculated by multiplying the partial pressures.
FALSE. The total pressure of a gas mixture is calculated by adding the partial pressures, not multiplying.
True or False: The transport of respiratory gases between the lungs and body tissues is a function of the blood.
TRUE.
True or False: During inspiration the diaphragm contracts and drops which increases the thoracic cavity’s size and decreases its pressure. Expiration is the reverse, volume decreases and pressure increases forcing air out.
TRUE.
True or False: If alveolar PCO2 is low, CO2 will diffuse from the capillary blood into the alveoli.
FALSE. If alveolar PCO2 is low, CO2 will diffuse from the alveoli into the capillary blood, not the other way around.
True or False: The right lung is smaller than the left lung because of the position of the heart.
FALSE. The right lung is larger than the left lung, not smaller, because of the position of the heart.
True or False: Parietal pleural membrane lines the thoracic cavity while the visceral pleural membrane covers the lung.
TRUE.
True or False: Cigarette smoke is the single most preventable cause of death and disability worldwide.
TRUE.
True or False: Rhinitis is actually a nose job.
FALSE. Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes.
True or False: While laryngitis is common among all people, cancer of the larynx is found almost exclusively with those who smoke.
TRUE.
True or False: Shallow breathing is called diaphragmatic breathing while deep breathing involves the ribs and so is called costal breathing.
FALSE. Shallow breathing is costal breathing (using the ribs), while diaphragmatic breathing (deep breathing) involves the diaphragm.
True or False: Hypocania caused from voluntary hyperventilation can be dangerous, especially to swimmers, because the oxygen level may drop dangerously low and cause fainting.
TRUE.
The lowest portion of the pharynx is the _____.
laryngopharynx
The branches of the trachea to the bronchi and bronchioles is referred to as the _____.
bronchial tree
The membrane that encloses and protects the lungs is the _____.
pleura
Terminal bronchioles subdivide into microscopic branches called _____.
respiratory bronchioles
The maneuver used to expel an aspirated object is called the _____ maneuver.
Heimlich
The respiratory gases move across the _____ membrane.
alveolar
The visual examination of bronchi through a bronchoscope is called _______.
bronchoscopy
When the diaphragm contracts it _____.
descends
The term applied to normal quiet breathing is _____.
eupnea
The phospholipids produced by the alveolar cells are called _____.
surfactant
The total volume of air taken in during one minute is called the _____.
minute volume/minute ventilation
The air that remains in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume is expelled, is the _____.
residual volume
The sum of residual volume plus expiratory reserve volume is the _____.
functional residual capacity
The _____ area controls the basic rhythm of respiration.
medullary
The protective mechanism that prevents overinflation of the lungs is called _____.
Hering-Breuer reflex
A slow rate and depth of respiration is called _____.
bradypnea
The passive process by which air flows into and out of the lungs is called ______.
pulmonary ventilation
The temporary cessation of breathing is known as _____.
apnea
The structure that prevents food from entering the respiratory passages is the _____.
epiglottis
The chemosensitive area is located in the _____.
medulla oblongata
Carbon dioxide can be carried by hemoglobin as _____.
carbaminohemoglobin
The immediate increase in ventilation at the onset of exercise is a result of the stimulation of _______.
proprioceptors
A chronic or acute inflammation of the mucous membranes in the nose is called ______.
rhinitis
