Respiratory Distress Flashcards

1
Q

NG tube can’t be passed through nares at birth

A

Choanal atresia

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2
Q

Infant who suddenly decompensates

A

Pneumothorax

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3
Q

O2 sat fails to improve with supplemental oxygen

A

Congenital heart disease

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4
Q

Surfactant deficiency leading to poor lung compliance and respiratory failure. Occurs in premature infants. CXR shows decreased lung volumes and “ground glass” appearance

A

Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)

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5
Q

Complication of respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)

A

Chronic lung diseases

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6
Q
  • Maternal antenatal steroids for prevention
  • Surfactant administration
  • Respiratory support
A

Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)

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7
Q

Retained fetal lung fluid leading to brief, SELF-RESOLVING mild respiratory distress. Term or near-term infants. Born after short labor or following C-section

A

Transient tachypnea of newborn

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8
Q

CXR shows perihilar streaking and fluid in interlobar fissures

A

Transient tachypnea of newborn

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9
Q

Needs only mild to moderate oxygen for support. Resolves by self over time

A

Transient tachypnea of newborn

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10
Q

Inhalation of meconium at or near time of birth leading to aspiration pneumonitis. Seen in TERM infants. Meconium is present at time of delivery

A

Meconium aspiration syndrome

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11
Q

Hypoxia. Coarse breath sounds.

CXR shows coarse, irregular infiltrates, hyperexpansion, and lobar consolidation

A

Meconium aspiration syndrome

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12
Q

Complication can be pulmonary hypertension. If so, suspect CF

A

Meconium aspiration syndrome

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13
Q

If severe pulmonary hypertension, give

A

Nitric oxide

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14
Q

If baby is vigorous with meconium, do

A

Nasopharyngeal suctioning at perineum

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15
Q

If baby is not vigorous with meconium, do

A

Tracheal suctioning at birth

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16
Q

Ventilatory support and antibiotics for

A

Meconium aspiration syndrome

17
Q

Severe hypoxemia that results from increased pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to R to L shunt. Seen in term infants

A

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn

18
Q

Hypoxemia. Cyanosis and respiratory distress. Prominent precordial impulse. Narrow S1/S2 with accentuated S2

A

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn

19
Q

Ventilatory support. Investigation for concurrent etiologies of distress. Circulatory support due to shunting and nitric oxide.

A

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn

20
Q

Give if persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn is unresponsive to other treatments

A

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

21
Q

Has risk of developmental delay, hearing deficits, and motor disability

A

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn

22
Q

Limits lung growth leading to pulmonary hypoplasia

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

23
Q

Severe respiratory distress at birth. May be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

24
Q

Scaphoid abdomen

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

25
Q

See severe pulmonary hypertension and mortality is 25-40%

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

26
Q

Immediate intubation, ventilatory support, and surgical correction after stabilization

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia