Respiratory Distress Flashcards
NG tube can’t be passed through nares at birth
Choanal atresia
Infant who suddenly decompensates
Pneumothorax
O2 sat fails to improve with supplemental oxygen
Congenital heart disease
Surfactant deficiency leading to poor lung compliance and respiratory failure. Occurs in premature infants. CXR shows decreased lung volumes and “ground glass” appearance
Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)
Complication of respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)
Chronic lung diseases
- Maternal antenatal steroids for prevention
- Surfactant administration
- Respiratory support
Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)
Retained fetal lung fluid leading to brief, SELF-RESOLVING mild respiratory distress. Term or near-term infants. Born after short labor or following C-section
Transient tachypnea of newborn
CXR shows perihilar streaking and fluid in interlobar fissures
Transient tachypnea of newborn
Needs only mild to moderate oxygen for support. Resolves by self over time
Transient tachypnea of newborn
Inhalation of meconium at or near time of birth leading to aspiration pneumonitis. Seen in TERM infants. Meconium is present at time of delivery
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Hypoxia. Coarse breath sounds.
CXR shows coarse, irregular infiltrates, hyperexpansion, and lobar consolidation
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Complication can be pulmonary hypertension. If so, suspect CF
Meconium aspiration syndrome
If severe pulmonary hypertension, give
Nitric oxide
If baby is vigorous with meconium, do
Nasopharyngeal suctioning at perineum
If baby is not vigorous with meconium, do
Tracheal suctioning at birth
Ventilatory support and antibiotics for
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Severe hypoxemia that results from increased pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to R to L shunt. Seen in term infants
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn
Hypoxemia. Cyanosis and respiratory distress. Prominent precordial impulse. Narrow S1/S2 with accentuated S2
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn
Ventilatory support. Investigation for concurrent etiologies of distress. Circulatory support due to shunting and nitric oxide.
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn
Give if persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn is unresponsive to other treatments
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Has risk of developmental delay, hearing deficits, and motor disability
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn
Limits lung growth leading to pulmonary hypoplasia
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Severe respiratory distress at birth. May be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Scaphoid abdomen
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
