Respiratory disorders: Pneumonia Flashcards
Define pneumonia.
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma
Evaluation of patients suspected of having pneumonia is centered on -? What can be seen from these diagnostic tests?
Diagnostic imaging = Alveolar opacification, air bronchograms, silhouetting of lungs with the heart, consolidation, and asymmetric distribution
TTW/ BAL = cytologic evaluation, culture and sensitivity
Other ancillary tests include CBC/ Chem, UA, fungal titers, viral testing, fecal examination, and Heartworm titers
Common bacterial species found on TTW of patients with infectious pneumonia include -?
Pasturella spp., Enterbacteriaceae, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.
An emerging syndrome of acute, hemorrhagic, fatal pneumonia in dogs has been associated with what bacterial species?
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus
Treatment for patients with pneumonia include -?
Long term antimicrobial therapy and supportive care, as well as supplemental oxygen therapy, coupage, and nebulization. Generally treatment is continued for two weeks following radiographic resolution of the pneumonia
Common first choice antimicrobials include Enrofloxacin and Ampicillin
Clinical signs associated with aspiration pneumonia include -?
Acute onset of respiratory distress, potentially accompanied by cough, lethargy, weakness, or collapse
Pyrexia is common, with loud pulmonary sounds on auscultation (fine crackles during inspiration)
Radiologic differential diagnoses of an alveolar lung pattern in small animals can include -?
Infectious bronchopneumonia, pulmonary hemorrhage, neoplasia, local collapse or torsion
Treatment for aspiration pneumonia includes -?
Supporting respiratory function (airway patency, oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation), and appropriate antimicrobial therapy
Prevention of aspiration pneumonia includes -?
Perianesthetic fasting, short term periprocedural gastric alkalinization, prokinetic drugs (Reglan along with an H2 antagonist)
