Infectious Dx: Fungal Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

Where would you commonly suspect Blastomyces dermatitidis to be localized from?

A

The Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio river valleys and the Great Lakes

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2
Q

How would you describe B. dermatitidis on cytology?

A

Thick walled yeast with broad based budding

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3
Q

How can blastomycosis present in infected dogs and cats?

A

Dyspnea, increased bronchovesicular signs, weight loss, ocular manifestations, draining skin lesions/ dermal abscesses and CNS disease

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4
Q

While fungal infections from B. dermatitidis are more commonly inhaled, resulting in infection, are they more likely to have localized or systemic presentations?

A

Either

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5
Q

Radiographic lesions of B. dermatitidis often closely resemble what pathological process in dogs?

A

Osteosarcoma

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6
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum is often localized to what area of the United States?

A

Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi river valleys (similar to Blastomycosis)

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7
Q

H.capsulatum is more often directly inhaled, but can also be ____________.

A

Ingested

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8
Q

What is commonly seen in patients with Histoplasmosis, in regards to the targeted organs from systemic dissemination?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

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9
Q

While ____________ can be seen in patients with Blastomycosis (chemistry panel), what can be seen on the erythrogram of patients with Histoplasmosis?

A

Blastomycosis = Hypercalcemia

Histoplasmosis = Non-regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia

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10
Q

How would you describe Histoplasmosis on cytology?

A

Clustered, mononuclear with thin, clear haloes surrounding a basophilic cytoplasm

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11
Q

Similar to Nocardia, Coccidiodes immitis is also a __________ that can be found in the southwestern US.

A

Saprophyte

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12
Q

While systemic involvement can be seen with Coccioidioidomycosis, it primarily results in localized __________ infections.

A

Respiratory

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13
Q

If dogs are more likely to get ______________ compared to cats, and both dogs and cats are equally likely to get _________________, are dogs or cats more likely to have Coccidioidomycosis?

A

Blastomycosis -> dogs > cats
Histoplasmosis -> dogs = cats
Coccidioidomycosis -> dogs > cats

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14
Q

What bloodwork abnormalities can be expected on patients with Coccidioidomycosis?

A
  • Normocytic, normochromic, nonregenerative anemia
  • Neutrophilia with a left shift
  • Monocytosis
  • Hypoalbuminemia
  • Hyperglobulinemia
  • Hepatic enzymatic elevations
  • Azotemia
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15
Q

While Crytpococcosis occurs more frequently in cats, dogs are often associated with a more ________ prognosis.

A

Guarded

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16
Q

Common presentations of Cryptococcal infections in cats include -?

A

Nasal or facial deformity, mass protruding from nares, nasal discharge, skin lesions, sneezing, respiratory noise, or a change in voice

17
Q

Histopathologically, how does Cryptococcus spp. differentiate from Blastomyces or Coccidioides infections?

A

Cryptococcus has a larger, thicker capsule and buds with a lack of endospores

18
Q

What are some common supportive therapeutic treatments that can be included in care for patients within fungal infections?

A

Supplemental oxygen therapy, antibiotics if there is suspected secondary infections, anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids, total or parenteral nutritional support, NSAID’s, glaucoma therapy (topical glucocorticoids, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors), and appropriate wound management