CC Concepts: Hypertension

Question 1

An elevated arterial blood pressure is concerning as a result of an increased of -?

Answer 1

Target organ damage

Question 2

Long term blood pressure control is largely the responsibility of the ________ through the regulation of extracellular fluid volume.

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

What hypertensive associated ocular lesions are associated with an immediate need of lowering arterial blood pressure? What are other ocular lesions often seen as well?

Answer 3

Blindness, intraocular hemorrhage, and retinal detachment more commonly present for immediate ABP lowering. Other lesions include vessel tortuosity, edema, and retinal degeneration.

Question 4

Hypertensive encephalopathy is a complication requiring immediate arterial blood pressure lowering. What clinical signs are associated with this?

Answer 4

Altered mentation, disorientation, lethargy, seizures, balance disturbances, behavioral abnormalities, and focal neurologic defects

Question 5

What hypertensive injury is associated with the kidneys?

Answer 5

Increased renal decline and function, and proteinuria

Question 6

Common diseases in dogs and cats that lead to hypertension include?

Answer 6

Kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, hyperthyroidism

Question 7

In order for appropriate treatment of hyperthyroidism, what drug classes are recommended for the following diseases?

• Hyperthyroidism
• Pheochromocytoma
• Hyperaldosteronism
• Kidney disease

Answer 7

Hyperthyroidism = Beta blockers

Pheochromocytoma = Alpha and beta blockers, surgery

Hyperaldosteronism = Aldosterone receptor antagonists, surgery

Kidney disease = Ca channel blockers, ACEi, angiotensin receptor blockers, aldosterone receptor anatagonists