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Principles of veterinary nursing > Respiratory disorders > Flashcards

Respiratory disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the signs of Nasal disease?

A

Facial swelling or distortion
Sneezing, Snorting, Rubbing face along surfaces
Dyspnoea
Nasal discharge - serous, mucoid, mucopurulent, bloody

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2
Q

What are the possible causes of Nasal disease in dogs?

A 
Distemper
KC complex
Aspergillus spp
Foreign bodies 
Neoplasia 
Trauma
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3
Q

What are the possible causes of nasal disease in cats?

A 
FURD - feline upper respiratory disease 
Chlamidophyla 
Foreign bodies 
Neoplasia 
Trauma
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4
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nose bleeding

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5
Q

What can be used to diagnose nasal disease?

A 
History
Clinical exam - facial symmetry?
Blood tests for coagulation 
MRT/CT scan 
Nasal Flush - cell harvest for cytology, fungal/abnormal cells 
Bacterial/fungal culture 
Biopsy and histopathology of masses
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6
Q

What are the possible treatments of nasal disease?

A 
Tumor removal
Medical treatment of fungal/bacterial infections 
FB removal 
Supportive care of viral infections 
Radiotherapy/chemotherapy for neoplasia
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7
Q

What are the nursing care requirements for patient with nasal disease?

A 
Depends on cause 
Keep patient clean
Medicate
Warm food to encourage palatability 
hand feeding
'Balls" of food
Humidify the air
Barrier nurse if infectious cause
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8
Q

What are examples of Laryngeal disease?

A

Laryngitis
Laryngeal paralysis
Oedema
Trauma

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9
Q

What are the possible symptoms of Laryngeal disease?

A

Dysphonia
Coughing/gagging when barking or purring
Exercise intolerance

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10
Q

What is Dysphonia?

A

A change or loss of vocal ability

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11
Q

What breeds are more prone to laryngeal disease?

A

Ageing medium to large breeds

also seen in small breeds

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12
Q

What are possible cause of laryngeal disease?

A

Laryngeal folds motor nerve supply degenerates (neuropathy)

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13
Q

What would the treatment be for severs laryngeal paralysis?

A

Surgery

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14
Q

What does dysphonia mean?

A

Change or loss in vocal ability

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15
Q

What is Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction?

A

A over long soft palate which extends too far caudally and obstructs the larynx

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16
Q

What usually causes Laryngeal Oedema?

A

Mechanical trauma to tissues

most often seen in cats after repeated attempts to intubate

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17
Q

How can we prevent Laryngeal Oedema?

A

Ensure adequate local anaesthetic and efficient visualisation of area before attempting intubation

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18
Q

What nursing care should be provided to a patient with laryngeal disease?

A

Use a harness or head collar for exercise
Avoid excitement
Keep cool
Oxygen therapy if indicated

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19
Q

What emergency equipment should be prepared for a patient with laryngeal disease?

A

Tracheotomy kit

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20
Q

What is the definition of Sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of one or more sinuses

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21
Q

What is the definition of rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of the nasal lining

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22
Q

What is the definition of epistaxis?

A

Bleeding from the nose

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23
Q

What is the definition of Laryngitis?

A

Inflammation of the larynx

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24
Q

What is the definition of Tracheitis?

A

Inflammation of the trachea

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25
Q

What are signs of Tracheal disease?

A 
Tracheitis
Tracheal collapse/ trauma 
Honking noise
Dyspnoea
Dry hacking cough 
exercise intolerance
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26
Q

What breeds are most affected by Tracheal disease?

A

Small breeds

especially yorkies

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27
Q

What makes up the lower respiratory tract?

A

Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

28
Q

What first aid measures should be taken when presented with an animal with acute respiratory disease?

A

Provide oxygen in the least stressful way possible
Minimal restraint to reduce stress
Make sure collar is loose
Support in sternal recumbency

29
Q

What are possible causes of sudden onset of acute respiratory disease?

A

Obstructions
Ruptured diaphragm
pulmonary haemorrhage
GDV

30
Q

What are possible causes of decompensation of an ongoing problem in acute respiratory disease?

A

Pneumothorax, haemothorax, pyothorax, chylothorax
Neaplasia
Infections
Pulmonary oedema

31
Q

What equipment should be prepared for an animal in acute respiratory distress?

A 
Tracheostomy kit
ET tubes with ties
Oxygen and anaesthetic circuit
forceps (crocodile/whelping)
Laryngoscope 
Thoracocentesis equipment    
Crash box
32
Q

What nursing and home care should be provided to a patient with respiratory distress?

A 
Keep animal cool
Stress free environment 
limit exposure to strong aerosols 
Short steady exercise 
compliance with drug therapy 
use a harness instead of lead
owner to take resp rare and check MM colour and CRT 
High energy diet
33
Q

What are causes of chronic pulmonary disease?

A 
Pulmonary oedema or haemorrhage 
Lungworm
Feline asthma 
Neoplasia 
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
34
Q

What is Angiostrongylus vasorum?

A

Dog lungworm

35
Q

What is A. Abstrusus?

A

Cat lungworm

36
Q

What are the symptoms of lungworm?

A

Coughing
dyspnoea
may also be asymptomatic

37
Q

How can chronic pulmonary disease be diagnosed?

A

Thoracic radiographs
Haematology and biochemistry
Bronchoalveolar lavage to send for culture and cytology
Bronchoscopy
Faecal analysis if lung worm is suspected
smear of mucus on ET tube - microscopy can reveal lungworm larvae

38
Q

What nursing care should be provided to a patient with respiratory illness?

A 
Provide rest and a calm environment
oxygen therapy if needed
monitor hydration status as they breath out fluid when tachpnoeic
coupage on VS prescription 
monitor all vital signs
39
Q

How should owners introduce the inhaler to their asthmatic cat?

A

Gradually, increasing contact time to 20-30 seconds before attaching the chamber, then once comfortable, adding the medication

40
Q

What does Extrapulmonary mean?

A

the problem is outside of the lung tissue, but it affects their function

41
Q

What are examples of Extrapulmonary conditions?

A

Diaphragmatic rupture
Pneumothorax
Neoplasia of the thymus and lymph nodes
ascites due to right sided heart failure

42
Q

What are examples of infectious respiratory diseases in dogs?

A

Kennel cough complex

Distemper

43
Q

What are examples of infectious respiratory diseases in cats?

A

Feline upper respiratory disease

44
Q

how are infectious respiratory diseases passed?

A

Via inhalation of viral/bacterial particles

45
Q

What is the clinical name of Kennel Cough complex?

A

Canine Contagious Respiratory disease

46
Q

What is the treatment for Kennel Cough?

A

no treatment usually self limiting

47
Q

What strain of Kennel Cough is vaccinated against with a nasal vaccination?

A

Bordatella Bronchisepta

48
Q

how is canine distemper virus spread?

A

Aerosol droplets, urine, faeces, saliva, vomitus and ocular discharge

49
Q

What are the clinical signs of Canine distemper virus?

A

Depression, anorexia, rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

Hyperetatosis of the nose and footpads

50
Q

What is Myoclonus?

A

Involuntary twitching of the muscles

51
Q

What neurological signs can be present with Canine distemper virus?

A

Myoclonus
Seizures
Optic neuritis
paresis

52
Q

What nursing care should be provided to a patient with Canine distemper virus?

A

Should be barrier nursed .
disinfect the environment
vaccinate all other dogs in the household

53
Q

How long can the distemper virus be shed post infection?

A

90 days

54
Q

How long is the incubation period for distemper virus?

A

7-21 days

55
Q

What does FURD stand for?

A

Feline Upper Respiratory Disease

56
Q

What viruses cause FURD?

A

Calici virus
Herpes Virus
Bordatella
Chlamydophila felis

57
Q

What symptoms would the normal strain of feline calicivirus produce?

A 
Ocular/nasal discharge 
sneezing
gingivitis and Stomatitis
Oral ulceration
Inappetance and depression
58
Q

What symptoms would viral systemic calicivirus produce?

A

Limping
Oedema and ulceration on limbs and feet
hair loss and lesions on head
high mortality

59
Q

when is the feline herpesvirus type 1 shed?

A

intermittently when stressed any time after infection

60
Q

What are symptoms of feline herpesvirus?

A 
conjunctivitis with ocular/nasal discharge 
paroxysmal sneezing
anorexia
depression 
pyrexia 
can develop pneumonia
61
Q

What bacteria can transmit from dogs to cat and cause FURD?

A

Bordatella Bronchisepta

62
Q

What can bordatella Bronchisepta cause in cat?

A

bronchopneumonia and death

63
Q

What are the nursing requirements of a cat with bordatella bronchisepta?

A

Barrier nurse
provide warmed palatable food
IV fluids and meds as directed by VS

64
Q

What animals are most at risk from bordatella bronchisepta?

A

very young/old/ immunosupressed animals

65
Q

What is chlamydophila felis?

A

an intracellular parasite, present on mucosa of infected cats

66
Q

How is chlamydophila felis transmitted?

A

Close contact/grooming of infected ocular/nasal discharges

Principles of veterinary nursing (6 decks)

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