Haemopoeitic system Flashcards
What does the Haemopoeitic system do?
Manufactures new blood cells as needed
What are the components of the haemopoeitic system?
Bone Marrow, Spleen and Liver
What are the locations of Bone marrow?
Long Bones
Pelvis
Sternum
Skull
What is Anaemia?
Loss of red blood cells
What is regenerative anaemia?
The bone marrow will increase production of red blood cells
What are baby red blood cells called?
Reticulocytes
How can reticulocytes be identified in a blood smear?
They still have a nucleus
How can regenerative anaemia be identified in a blood smear?
Reticulocytes present
What is non-regenerative anaemia?
The bone marrow is not producing reticulocytes.
What is the most common cause of non-regenerative anaemia?
Renal failure
What is PCV?
Packed Cell volume
What is the normal PCV for a Guinea pig?
37-48%
What is the normal PCV for a Dog?
37-55%
What is the normal PCV for a Cat?
24-45%
How does acute anaemic present?
Collapsed Pale MMs Lethargy and exercise intolerance May be dyspnoeic and tachypnoeic Inappetant may have a heart murmur
How should an anaemic case be nursed?
Gentle handling
stress free environment
careful monitoring of vital signs
Restricted exercise
ongoing monitoring of any blood transfusions
serial blood sampling to monitor progress
What diagnostics can be used for anaemia?
Blood - Haematology, Biochemistry, Coagulation profile
Ultrasound
Radiographs
Where in the body are clotting factors produced?
The liver
What care should be given when nursing a patient with a clotting disorder?
Gentle handling
Avoid heparin flush
extra long pressure after taking blood
What tubes are used for clotting factor lab tests?
Sodium citrate tubes (green)
When performing a Buccal Mucosal Bleeding time test what should clotting time be for a dog?
less than 4.2 minutes
When performing a Buccal Mucosal Bleeding time test what should clotting time be for a cat?
Less than 2.4 minutes
What should owners be taught when their pet is diagnosed with a clotting disorder?
To watch for any bleeding episodes
How to assess MM colour and CRT
How to handle the pet gently
What breeds are most likely to be affected by Von Willebrands disease?
Doberman Rottweiler Golden retriever poodle Pyrenean mountain dog
What is Lymphoma?
Neoplasia of the lymphoid tissue
What does Lymphadenopathy mean?
disease or swelling of the lymph nodes
What are the clinical signs of Lymphoma?
Enlarged lymph noes
Weight loss
Anorexia/ inappetence
vomiting + Diarrhoea
What nursing care should be provided to a lymphoma patient?
Tempt to eat Monitor vital signs Provide meds (possible chemotherapy) IV fluids provide water Keep patient clean and comfortable
What medical treatment can be used on a patient with Lymphoma?
Chemotherapy
IV fluids
What PPE should be worn when administering IV chemotherapy?
Face shield or goggles + face mask
Plastic apron with long sleeves and thumb loop
2 pairs of powder free gloves
Shoe covers
What items should be prepared for administering IV chemotherapy?
Chemotherapy drugs No traffic area Cytotoxic spill kit IV catheter + tape Bandaging materials Two lots of 5-10ml saline or water for injection Clippers and spirit swab food to tempt patient to eat
