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Principles of veterinary nursing > Haemopoeitic system > Flashcards

Haemopoeitic system Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the Haemopoeitic system do?

A

Manufactures new blood cells as needed

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2
Q

What are the components of the haemopoeitic system?

A

Bone Marrow, Spleen and Liver

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3
Q

What are the locations of Bone marrow?

A

Long Bones
Pelvis
Sternum
Skull

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4
Q

What is Anaemia?

A

Loss of red blood cells

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5
Q

What is regenerative anaemia?

A

The bone marrow will increase production of red blood cells

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6
Q

What are baby red blood cells called?

A

Reticulocytes

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7
Q

How can reticulocytes be identified in a blood smear?

A

They still have a nucleus

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8
Q

How can regenerative anaemia be identified in a blood smear?

A

Reticulocytes present

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9
Q

What is non-regenerative anaemia?

A

The bone marrow is not producing reticulocytes.

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of non-regenerative anaemia?

A

Renal failure

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11
Q

What is PCV?

A

Packed Cell volume

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12
Q

What is the normal PCV for a Guinea pig?

A

37-48%

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13
Q

What is the normal PCV for a Dog?

A

37-55%

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14
Q

What is the normal PCV for a Cat?

A

24-45%

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15
Q

How does acute anaemic present?

A 
Collapsed 
Pale MMs 
Lethargy and exercise intolerance 
May be dyspnoeic and tachypnoeic
Inappetant
may have a heart murmur
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16
Q

How should an anaemic case be nursed?

A

Gentle handling
stress free environment
careful monitoring of vital signs
Restricted exercise
ongoing monitoring of any blood transfusions
serial blood sampling to monitor progress

17
Q

What diagnostics can be used for anaemia?

A

Blood - Haematology, Biochemistry, Coagulation profile
Ultrasound
Radiographs

18
Q

Where in the body are clotting factors produced?

A

The liver

19
Q

What care should be given when nursing a patient with a clotting disorder?

A

Gentle handling
Avoid heparin flush
extra long pressure after taking blood

20
Q

What tubes are used for clotting factor lab tests?

A

Sodium citrate tubes (green)

21
Q

When performing a Buccal Mucosal Bleeding time test what should clotting time be for a dog?

A

less than 4.2 minutes

22
Q

When performing a Buccal Mucosal Bleeding time test what should clotting time be for a cat?

A

Less than 2.4 minutes

23
Q

What should owners be taught when their pet is diagnosed with a clotting disorder?

A

To watch for any bleeding episodes
How to assess MM colour and CRT
How to handle the pet gently

24
Q

What breeds are most likely to be affected by Von Willebrands disease?

A 
Doberman
Rottweiler
Golden retriever
poodle 
Pyrenean mountain dog
25
Q

What is Lymphoma?

A

Neoplasia of the lymphoid tissue

26
Q

What does Lymphadenopathy mean?

A

disease or swelling of the lymph nodes

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of Lymphoma?

A

Enlarged lymph noes
Weight loss
Anorexia/ inappetence
vomiting + Diarrhoea

28
Q

What nursing care should be provided to a lymphoma patient?

A 
Tempt to eat
Monitor vital signs 
Provide meds (possible chemotherapy) 
IV fluids
provide water
Keep patient clean and comfortable
29
Q

What medical treatment can be used on a patient with Lymphoma?

A

Chemotherapy

IV fluids

30
Q

What PPE should be worn when administering IV chemotherapy?

A

Face shield or goggles + face mask
Plastic apron with long sleeves and thumb loop
2 pairs of powder free gloves
Shoe covers

31
Q

What items should be prepared for administering IV chemotherapy?

A 
Chemotherapy drugs
No traffic area 
Cytotoxic spill kit
IV catheter + tape 
Bandaging materials 
Two lots of 5-10ml saline or water for injection 
Clippers and spirit swab 
food to tempt patient to eat

Principles of veterinary nursing (6 decks)

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