Haemopoeitic system

Question 1

What does the Haemopoeitic system do?

Answer 1

Manufactures new blood cells as needed

Question 2

What are the components of the haemopoeitic system?

Answer 2

Bone Marrow, Spleen and Liver

Question 3

What are the locations of Bone marrow?

Answer 3

Long Bones
Pelvis
Sternum
Skull

Question 4

What is Anaemia?

Answer 4

Loss of red blood cells

Question 5

What is regenerative anaemia?

Answer 5

The bone marrow will increase production of red blood cells

Question 6

What are baby red blood cells called?

Answer 6

Reticulocytes

Question 7

How can reticulocytes be identified in a blood smear?

Answer 7

They still have a nucleus

Question 8

How can regenerative anaemia be identified in a blood smear?

Answer 8

Reticulocytes present

Question 9

What is non-regenerative anaemia?

Answer 9

The bone marrow is not producing reticulocytes.

Question 10

What is the most common cause of non-regenerative anaemia?

Answer 10

Renal failure

Question 11

What is PCV?

Answer 11

Packed Cell volume

Question 12

What is the normal PCV for a Guinea pig?

Answer 12

37-48%

Question 13

What is the normal PCV for a Dog?

Answer 13

37-55%

Question 14

What is the normal PCV for a Cat?

Answer 14

24-45%

Question 15

How does acute anaemic present?

Answer 15

Collapsed 
Pale MMs 
Lethargy and exercise intolerance 
May be dyspnoeic and tachypnoeic
Inappetant
may have a heart murmur

Question 16

How should an anaemic case be nursed?

Answer 16

Gentle handling
stress free environment
careful monitoring of vital signs
Restricted exercise
ongoing monitoring of any blood transfusions
serial blood sampling to monitor progress

Question 17

What diagnostics can be used for anaemia?

Answer 17

Blood - Haematology, Biochemistry, Coagulation profile
Ultrasound
Radiographs

Question 18

Where in the body are clotting factors produced?

Answer 18

The liver

Question 19

What care should be given when nursing a patient with a clotting disorder?

Answer 19

Gentle handling
Avoid heparin flush
extra long pressure after taking blood

Question 20

What tubes are used for clotting factor lab tests?

Answer 20

Sodium citrate tubes (green)

Question 21

When performing a Buccal Mucosal Bleeding time test what should clotting time be for a dog?

Answer 21

less than 4.2 minutes

Question 22

When performing a Buccal Mucosal Bleeding time test what should clotting time be for a cat?

Answer 22

Less than 2.4 minutes

Question 23

What should owners be taught when their pet is diagnosed with a clotting disorder?

Answer 23

To watch for any bleeding episodes
How to assess MM colour and CRT
How to handle the pet gently

Question 24

What breeds are most likely to be affected by Von Willebrands disease?

Answer 24

Doberman
Rottweiler
Golden retriever
poodle 
Pyrenean mountain dog

Question 25

What is Lymphoma?

Answer 25

Neoplasia of the lymphoid tissue

Question 26

What does Lymphadenopathy mean?

Answer 26

disease or swelling of the lymph nodes

Question 27

What are the clinical signs of Lymphoma?

Answer 27

Enlarged lymph noes Weight loss Anorexia/ inappetence vomiting + Diarrhoea

Question 28

What nursing care should be provided to a lymphoma patient?

Answer 28

``` Tempt to eat Monitor vital signs Provide meds (possible chemotherapy) IV fluids provide water Keep patient clean and comfortable ```

Question 29

What medical treatment can be used on a patient with Lymphoma?

Answer 29

Chemotherapy | IV fluids

Question 30

What PPE should be worn when administering IV chemotherapy?

Answer 30

Face shield or goggles + face mask Plastic apron with long sleeves and thumb loop 2 pairs of powder free gloves Shoe covers

Question 31

What items should be prepared for administering IV chemotherapy?

Answer 31

``` Chemotherapy drugs No traffic area Cytotoxic spill kit IV catheter + tape Bandaging materials Two lots of 5-10ml saline or water for injection Clippers and spirit swab food to tempt patient to eat ```