Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
volume of blood contained in the lungs after a maximal inspiration
Total Lung Capacity
volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration
Residual volume
volume of gas that is exhaled in the Iungs at the end OF a maximal expiration
vital capacity
major risk Factor for Asthma
Atopy
Atopic Diseases common in Asthma
Allergic rhinitis ( > 80% of patients) Atopic dermatitis( eczema)
most common causes of Viral U RTI triggering Asthma
RSV
Rhinovirus
Corona virus
Can worsen asthm due to increased Cholinergic bronchospasm
Beta blocker
Asthma trigger that induces an increase in the airway Osmolality leading to activation or mast ells to release in flammatory mediators
Exercise
most common trigger of Asthma
viral infection
Physiologic Abnormality of Asthma
AHR
Asthma phenotype which often commences in childhood and i associated with a past and/ or Family history of Allergy disease such as eczema, allergic rhinitis, or Food or drug allergy
Eosinophilic airway inflammation
Responds well to ICS treatment
Allergic Asthma
Asthma phenotype that often responds less to ICS
sputum of these patients may be neutrophilic, eosinophilic or panci granulocytic
Non - Allergic Asthma
some adults particularly women present with asthma for the first time during adult life
now allergic, often requiring high doses of ICS or are relatively refractory to corticosteroid treatment
Late Onset Asthma
Improves diagnostic accuracy and may eliminate the need for biopsy especially in IPF
HRCT
most common clinical presentation in bronchiectasis
persistent productive cough Production of thick tenacious sputum
Tram tracks On Chest CT
Bronchiectasis
Light’s criteria
PF/ S. protein >o.5
PF/ S. LDH>0.6
PF LDH> 2/3 upper normal limit
any one of the criteria
most common cause of pleural effusion
LV Failure
mechanism of pleural Effusion
increase Fluid in the lung interstitial spaces exiting in part across the visceral pleura
Sputum collected is from the lower respiratory tract
Alveolar macrophages and other inflammatory cells
Diagnostic procedure that allows recovery Of organisms such as p. jiroveci
BAL
Airway edema + acute inflammatory response with increase in eOsinophil and neutrophils that is not very reversible with bronchodilators
Late phase allergic reaction
WOrsens asthmq due to increased cholinergic bronchospasm
Beta blocker
Triggers asthma with increased airway inflammation with increased numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils
viral Infection
mechanism Of triggering asthma in exercise
Hyperventilation causes increase Osmolality of airway fluids leading to mast cell mediator release and bronchospasm
premenstrual worsening of Asthma
Due to fall in progesterone
Two types of Asthma
1 Allergic asthma
2 Idiosyncratic/ Intrinsic Asthma
Type of Asthma with Normal IGE levels in the blood
Idiosyncratic/ Intrinsic Asthma
