Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

volume of blood contained in the lungs after a maximal inspiration

A

Total Lung Capacity

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2
Q

volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration

A

Residual volume

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3
Q

volume of gas that is exhaled in the Iungs at the end OF a maximal expiration

A

vital capacity

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4
Q

major risk Factor for Asthma

A

Atopy

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5
Q

Atopic Diseases common in Asthma

A
Allergic rhinitis ( > 80% of patients)
Atopic dermatitis( eczema)
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6
Q

most common causes of Viral U RTI triggering Asthma

A

RSV
Rhinovirus
Corona virus

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7
Q

Can worsen asthm due to increased Cholinergic bronchospasm

A

Beta blocker

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8
Q

Asthma trigger that induces an increase in the airway Osmolality leading to activation or mast ells to release in flammatory mediators

A

Exercise

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9
Q

most common trigger of Asthma

A

viral infection

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10
Q

Physiologic Abnormality of Asthma

A

AHR

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11
Q

Asthma phenotype which often commences in childhood and i associated with a past and/ or Family history of Allergy disease such as eczema, allergic rhinitis, or Food or drug allergy
Eosinophilic airway inflammation
Responds well to ICS treatment

A

Allergic Asthma

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12
Q

Asthma phenotype that often responds less to ICS

sputum of these patients may be neutrophilic, eosinophilic or panci granulocytic

A

Non - Allergic Asthma

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13
Q

some adults particularly women present with asthma for the first time during adult life
now allergic, often requiring high doses of ICS or are relatively refractory to corticosteroid treatment

A

Late Onset Asthma

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14
Q

Improves diagnostic accuracy and may eliminate the need for biopsy especially in IPF

A

HRCT

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15
Q

most common clinical presentation in bronchiectasis

A

persistent productive cough Production of thick tenacious sputum

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16
Q

Tram tracks On Chest CT

A

Bronchiectasis

17
Q

Light’s criteria

A

PF/ S. protein >o.5
PF/ S. LDH>0.6
PF LDH> 2/3 upper normal limit
any one of the criteria

18
Q

most common cause of pleural effusion

A

LV Failure

19
Q

mechanism of pleural Effusion

A

increase Fluid in the lung interstitial spaces exiting in part across the visceral pleura

20
Q

Sputum collected is from the lower respiratory tract

A

Alveolar macrophages and other inflammatory cells

21
Q

Diagnostic procedure that allows recovery Of organisms such as p. jiroveci

22
Q

Airway edema + acute inflammatory response with increase in eOsinophil and neutrophils that is not very reversible with bronchodilators

A

Late phase allergic reaction

23
Q

WOrsens asthmq due to increased cholinergic bronchospasm

A

Beta blocker

24
Q

Triggers asthma with increased airway inflammation with increased numbers of eosinophils and neutrophils

A

viral Infection

25
mechanism Of triggering asthma in exercise
Hyperventilation causes increase Osmolality of airway fluids leading to mast cell mediator release and bronchospasm
26
premenstrual worsening of Asthma
Due to fall in progesterone
27
Two types of Asthma
1 Allergic asthma | 2 Idiosyncratic/ Intrinsic Asthma
28
Type of Asthma with Normal IGE levels in the blood
Idiosyncratic/ Intrinsic Asthma