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2- SA- Cardiology > Respiratory disease in small mammals and exotic species > Flashcards

Respiratory disease in small mammals and exotic species Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs of respiratory disease in small mammals

A

Lethargy
Poor coat
Anorexia
Audible clicking
sneezing
ocular discharge
Dyspnoea/ abdominal heaving

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2
Q

What are the clinical signs of respiratory disease in reptiles

A

Lethargy
Anorexia
weight loss
difficulty breathing
open mouth breathing
wheezes or crackles

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of respiratory disease in birds

A

lethargy
anorexia
crusting around nares
periorbital swelling
dyspnoea/ tail bobbing
voice change
tachypnoea

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4
Q

What are the top 4 differentials for respiratory disease in small mammals

A

URT bacterial infection
LRT bacterial infection
Husbandry related: allergy, dust, ventilation
Dental disease

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5
Q

What are common infectious pathogens that can cause respiratory disease in guinea pigs

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica
Chlamydophilia caviae
Adenovirus

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6
Q

What are the common infectious pathogens that can cause respiratory disease in rabbits

A

Pasturella multocida
Bordetella bronchiseptica

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7
Q

What are the common infectious pathogens that can cause respiratory disease in rats and mice

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis
Pasturella pneumotropica
Strep pneumoniae
Sedai virus (mice)

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8
Q

What are the top 4 differentials for respiratory disease in reptiles

A

URT bacterial infection
Viruses
Husbandry
Space occupying lesions

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9
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of URT infection in tortoises

A

Herpes virus
Mycoplasma

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10
Q

What virus can cause respiratory disease in lizards

A

Adenovirus

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11
Q

What virus can cause respiratory disease in snakes

A

Paramyxovirus

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12
Q

What husbandry related issues can cause respiratory disease in reptiles

A

High or low temperatures
High humidity (when not needed)
Stress
poor ventilation

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13
Q

What are space occupying lesions a particular concern in terms of respiratory disease in reptiles

A

No diaphragm means a large mass of fluid in the coelomic cavity will compress lungs

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14
Q

What are the top 4 differentials for respiratory disease in birds

A

LRT bacterial infections
Fungal infections
Husbandry
Space occupying lesions

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15
Q

What fungi primarily causes respiratory disease in birds

A

Aspergillosis

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16
Q

What exotic respiratory pathogens is PCR commonly used to test for

A

Mycoplasma
Herpes virus
Aspergillosis

17
Q

What samples of the URT can be taken in rabbits

A

Deep nasal swab
Nasolacrimal duct flush

18
Q

What samples of the URT can be taken in birds

A

Nasal flush
nasal swab via mouth and choana

19
Q

What are diagnostics of respiratory disease in reptiles trying to achieve

A

Localisation
Infectivity
Severity/ prognosis
Diagnosis

20
Q

What are some common husbandry underlying causes of respiratory disease in reptiles

A

Temperatures
UV
Humidity
Diet and supplements
Recent changes

21
Q

What are some common husbandry underlying causes of respiratory disease in birds

A

Cage location
bedding
Sprays
diet
UV
recent changes

22
Q

How are small mammals treated for respiratory disease

A

Supportive nutrition for hind gut fermenters
regular nebulisation
Mucolytic in food
NSAIDs
ABs if needed

23
Q

What is the first line broad spectrum antibiotic for small mammals

24
Q

What are the ABs in the PLACE rule for rabbits and rodents

A

Penicillins
Lincosamines
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Erythromycin

25
Q

What antibiotic is used for mycoplasma infection in rats and tortoises

A

Doxycycline

26
Q

What is F10

A

Nebulisable and topical antiseptic and antifungal licensed for exotics

27
Q

What should be done before using enrofloxacin

A

culture and sensitivity

28
Q

What are the 2 first line broad spectrum ABs used in birds

A

TMPS
Penicillin and co amoxiclav

29
Q

How are birds treated for respiratory disease

A

Oxygen
Fluids
Supportive nutrition (crop tubing)
Nebulisation
ABs if needed

30
Q

How are reptiles treated for respiratory disease

A

Injectable vitamins
Fluids
Nebulisation
Keep close to POTZ

31
Q

What are the clinical signs of coccidiosis infection in birds

A

Decreased growth rate
weight loss
decreased feed and water consumption
decreased egg production
watery mucoid faeces

32
Q

how are birds treated for coccidiosis infection

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of aspergillosis infection in birds

A

Progressive weight loss
decreased appetite
exercise intolerance
increased respiratory rate and effort
open mouth breathing

34
Q

how is aspergillosis treated in birds

A

Itraconazole

35
Q

How can coccidosis infection of pet birds be prevented

A

routine anti protozoal treatment
vaccination
good hygiene practices
solid roof on enclosure
stress reduction

2- SA- Cardiology (15 decks)

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