Anaesthesia and sedation of the cardiac patient

Question 1

How is cardiopulmonary function assessed and monitored during anaesthesia

Answer 1

Oesophageal stethoscope (HR and rhythm)
Pulse quality
ECG
BP
Capnography

Question 2

Why does provision of fluids to animals with cardiopulmonary disease need to be slower

Answer 2

Already fluid loaded

Question 3

If a dog with heart disease has sinus arrhythmia what does this signify

Answer 3

Dog is not haemodynamically compromised by its heart disease

Question 4

What are some indicators that a CVDV dog with a grade 3+ murmur is progressing towards heart failure

Answer 4

Falling weight
HR>130 when calm
Clinic RR>35/min
Owner records resting RR>30/min

Question 5

What sedation/ premed combinations should be used for dogs with cardiopulmonary disease

Answer 5

Radiography= butorphanol
Heavy sedation= benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam or midazolam)

Question 6

What are some indicators of a worse prognosis for a cat with HCM

Answer 6

Absence of murmur
Gallop rhythm or arrhythmia
Increase LA size

Question 7

What can CHF in cats often be induced by

Answer 7

GA
fluid treatment
extended- release glucocorticoids

Question 8

What sedation is used for cats with cardiopulmonary disease

Answer 8

Butorphanol- is enough for radiography

Question 9

What pre-med is used for cats with cardiopulmonary disease

Answer 9

Butorphanol 0.2mg/kg IM
Midazolam 0.2mg/kg IM
Alfaxolone 0.5mg/kg IM

Question 10

what can you give a cat at home to decrease anxiety

Answer 10

gabapentin 1 hour before