Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 2320/2325 > Respiratory/Digestive > Flashcards

Respiratory/Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Which cavity is superior in the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the order of the pharynx?

A

-nasopharynx (connects to nasal cavity; entirely part of respiratory)
-oropharynx (part of digestive as well)
-laryngopharynx (part of digestive as well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structure leaves the pharynx and enters the lungs?

A

Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most superior sinus?

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What sinuses are inferior to the frontal sinus?

A

Ethmoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most inferior sinus

A

Maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most posterior sinus?

A

Sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A

-ventilation (inhalation and exhalation)
-gas conditioning
-sound production
-olfaction
-defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What structures make up the conducting upper respiratory tract?

A

Nose and nasal cavities
-main conducting airway for inhaled air
-supported by the pair of nasal bones (form bridge)
-divided into L/R by nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is anterior/inferior to the nasal bones

A

Cartilaginous dorsum nasi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What structures slow down and mix air?

A

Inferior, middle, and superior nasal conchae (found on lateral wall of each cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some components of the nasopharynx

A

-lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
-opening of eustachian tube is in lateral wall
-pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) is found in posterior wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some components of the oropharynx

A

-lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-palatine tonsils in lateral wall
-lingual tonsils are at the base of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some components of the laryngopharynx

A

-lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-continuous with both larynx and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

-passageway for air from pharynx to trachea
-prevents food from entering respiratory tract
-produces sound
-sneeze and cough reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the nine cartilages in the larynx?

A

-epiglottis
-thyroid cartilage
-cricoid cartilage
-cuneiform cartilage (paired)
-corniculate cartilage (paired)
-arytenoid cartilage (paired)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some components of the thyroid cartilage?

A

-largest
-anterior projection/laryngeal prominence or adam’s apple
-anterior and lateral walls but no posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some components of the cricoid cartilage?

A

-ring shaped
-inferior to thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some components of the epiglottis?

A

-spoon shaped
-when swallowing, closes the opening to the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do the paired cartilages deal with?

A

Sound production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some components of the trachea?

A

-anterior to the esophagus
-supported by c-shaped cartilage semi rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some components of the main bronchi?

A

-have complete cartilaginous rings around
-branches into lobar and segmental bronchi
-lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
-branch into bronchioles (no rings)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens when branching of the bronchi continue?

A

-incomplete cartilaginous rings become smaller and less numerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some components of bronchioles?

A

-lined with simple columnar/simple squamous epithelium
-less than 1mm in diameter
-walls contain thick layer of smooth muscle (produces bronchodilation or bronchorestriction)
-branch into terminal bronchioles which are the last tubes of conduction but not the last of bronchioles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do terminal bronchioles branch into?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do respiratory bronchioles branch into?

A

Alveolar ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do alveolar ducts end in?

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are some components of alveoli?

A

-made up of simple squamous epithelium
-allow for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are alveolar type I cells made up of?

A

Simple sqamous epithelium (to promote rapid gas exchange within circulatory system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do alveolar type II cells produce?

A

Pulmonary surfactant (reduces surface tension within alveoli to prevent collapse)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What uses phagocytosis to protect alveoli from foreign bodies?

A

Alveolar macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the respiratory membrane do?

A

BARRIER THAT GASES MUST PASS
THROUGH IN THE LUNGS FOR GAS
EXCHANGE TO OCCUR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does the respiratory membrane consist of?

A

-plasma membrane of alveoli
-plasma membrane of capillaries
-fused basement membranes of both cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does the fused basement membrane

A

KEEPS THE TWO CELLS TOGETHER AND
PROVIDES SPACING BETWEEN THE
capillaries around the aveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What cavities are the lungs located in?

A

Left and right pleural cavities

36
Q

What separates the left and right pleural cavities

A

Mediastinum

37
Q

Which pleura lines the pleural cavity

A

Parietal Pleura

38
Q

Which pleura lines the lungs

A

Visceral Pleural

39
Q

What are some components of the left lung?

A

-smallest because of the heart
-has a cardiac impression and notch
-oblique fissure divides it into the inferior and superior lobe
-has lingula (area that sticks out in inferior/medial corner)

40
Q

What are some components of the right lung

A

-Oblique fissure (separates inferior and middle)
-Horizontal fissure (separates the middle and superior)

41
Q

What is the hilum

A

Area where tubes pass in and out of the lungs

(arteries that go through the hilum are part of the pulmonary; arteries that supply the lungs are part of the circulatory)

42
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation and how does it work?

A

Moves atomosphere in and out of the lungs.

inhalation- when volume in thoracic cavity increases pressure decreases in lungs

exhalation- when volume in thoracic decreases pressure in lungs increase

43
Q

What muscles are involved in ventilation

A

-diagphram
-external intercostals
-internal intercostals (forced exhalation)

44
Q

Which nervous system branch takes care of breathing

A

Central Nervous System

45
Q

Where is the respiratory system found

A

Medulla Oblongata

46
Q

What does the dorsal respiratory group do?

A

RECEIVES INFORMATION FROM SENSORY
RECEPTORS IN THE BODY AND RELAYS THAT INFORMATION TO THE VENTRAL
RESPIRATORY GROUP

47
Q

What does the ventral respiratory group do?

A

CONTROLS INHALATION AND EXHALATION BY
WAY OF STIMULATING THE PHRENIC AND INTERCOSTAL NERVES WHICH
STIMULATE THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

48
Q

What is the digestive system designed to do?

A

-ingest food
-transport digested food
-digest material into small components
-absorb necessary components into the blood stream
-expel waste products from the body

49
Q

What is the digestive system divided into?

A

-GI tract
-Accessory organs

50
Q

What are the digestive organs?

A

-oral cavity
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine

51
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

-teeth
-tongue
-salivary glands
-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas

52
Q

What does the oral cavity contain?

A

-cheeks, lips, and palate
-tongue
-teeth
salivary glands

53
Q

What are the functions of saliva

A

-moistens ingested food to perform a slick bolus
-moistens, cleans, and lubricates oral cavity
-chemical digestion of certain ingested material
-antibacterial action
-dissolves materials that allow taste receptors on the tongue to be stimulated

54
Q

What are some components of the parotid gland?

A

-paired and located anterior to the external ear
-largest salivary gland
-produces 30% of saliva
-saliva leaves through duct in the cheek at level of first upper molar

55
Q

What are some components of the submandibular gland

A

-located under the mandible
-produce 65% of saliva
-ducts are found on either side of the lingual frenulum

56
Q

What are some components of the sublingual glands?

A

-produces 5% of saliva
-duct that empties inferior to the tongue

57
Q

What are the two methods of moving materials through the GI tract?

A

Peristalsis- contracting and relaxing smooth muscle that surround the move. Mixing is minimal. Material is moved in same direction

Segmentation-Material is moved both backwards and forwards by smooth muscle

58
Q

What are some components of the esophagus?

A

-located in thoracic cavity
-transports material from laryngopharynx to stomach
-superior esophageal sphincter prevents air from entering the stomach
-inferior esophageal sphincter prevents stomach contents from coming back up
-no digestive juices are released

59
Q

What is the serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Peritoneum

60
Q

What is serosa

A

If visceral peritoneum completely covers the organs, it is the underlying layer

61
Q

What is the adventita

A

When the visceral peritoneum only covers part of the organ, it is the underlying layer

62
Q

What are intraperitoneal organs

A

Organs covered by peritoneum

63
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs?

A

Organs that contract posterior abdominal and pelvic walls

64
Q

What are serosa and adventita made up of

A

Areolar CT w collagen and elastic fibers

65
Q

What are messentaties?

A

Folds of peritoneum that help support and stabilize intraperitoneal organs

66
Q

Where is the great omentum?

A

extends from greater curvature of the stomach and covers most of the abdominal organs

67
Q

Where is the lesser omentum?

A

Connects from lesser curvature of the stomach/ duodenum of intestine to liver

68
Q

What does messentary proper do?

A

Suspends majority of small intestine from posterior wall of abdominopelvic cavity

69
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

Recives bolus from esophagus and converts it to chyme (uses both mechanical and chemical)

70
Q

What does the stomach consist of?

A

Cardia: area where stomach joins esophagus

Fundles: area superior to the cardia

greater curvature: long curve opposite of cardia

lesser curvature: small curve same side as cardia

body: contains oblique, circular, and longitudinal smooth msucle (deep to superficial)

pylorus: inferior neck

plyloric sphincter: releases chyme into the duodenum

ruggae: allows stomach to expand (aka gastric folds)

71
Q

What are some components of the small intestine?

A

Responsible for most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

-chyme is in for 12 hours
-plicae circulaes are found

72
Q

What are some components of the duodenum?

A

-first section of small intestine
c-shaped
-common bile duct and main pancreatic duct join and enter duodenum and hepatopancreatic ampulla (opening is major duodenal papilla)

73
Q

What are some componenents of the jejunum

A

-joins duodenum at duodenojejunal flexure
-where majority of chemical digestion and absorption occurs

74
Q

What are some components of the ileum?

A

-folds contain vili which are covered in microvili (become fewer as tract continues) and allow for increased apsorption of nurtients and water

75
Q

What does the large intestine do

A

encloses small insteine and absorbs fluids and ions to turn into feces

76
Q

Cecum

A

has ileocecal valve and veriform appendix

77
Q

ascending colon

A

goes from ileocecal valve to right colic flexure

78
Q

transverse colon

A

is horizontal and ends at left colic flexure

79
Q

descending colon

A

travels down

80
Q

sigmoid colon

A

S shaped

81
Q

What are teniae coli

A

bands of longitudinal smooth muscle that bunch into sacs called haustra

82
Q

what separates L and R lobes of the liver(anterior)

A

falciform ligament

83
Q

what separates L and R lobes of the liver(posterior)

A

ligamentum venosum

84
Q

What is the porta hepatis

A

where common hepatic duct leaves liver and hepatic artery proper enters

85
Q

Where is the round ligament

A

inferior to falciform ligament

86
Q
A

Anatomy 2320/2325 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions