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Craab 2.5 > Respiratory dev > Flashcards

Respiratory dev Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the laryngotracheal groove develop from?

A

Ventral wall of primitive pharynx

- caudal to the 4th pair of pharyngeal pouches

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2
Q

What primitive tissue do the gland of larynx develop from? What other structures develop from the same type of tissue?

A

Endoderm

Trachea, bronchi and pulmonary epithelium

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3
Q

Why are the epithelium and glands of respiratory tract derived from the endoderm?

A

Because it is an outgrowth of the developing GI tract

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4
Q

What then are the surround tissues derived from?

A

Splanchnic mesenchyme

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5
Q

What are the surrounding tissues?

A

CT
Cartilage
Smooth muscle

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6
Q

What do the primary bronchial buds develop from?

A

the laryngotracheal

diverticulum

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7
Q

What separates the developing respiratory tract from the developing foregut?

A

Tracheoesophageal folds to create the laryngotracheal tube

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8
Q

where does the laryngeal cartilage derive from?

A

4th and 6th pharyngeal arches

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9
Q

Where do the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches derive from?

A

mesenchyme from the neurocrest cells

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10
Q

Where do the larngeal muscles come from?

A

4th and 6th pharyngeal arch myoblasts

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11
Q

What innervates the laryngeal muscles?

A

Vegas

  • Recurrent laryngeal
  • superior laryngeal
  • inferior
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12
Q

What another name for pharyngeal arches?

A

Branchial

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13
Q

Which nerves supplies the muscles and which supplies the sensory to the laryngeal muscles?

A

Muscles by recurrent and inferior laryngeal

Superior laryngeal supplies sensory

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14
Q

What is responsible for the dev of the trachea?

A

tracheoesophageal folds

-

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15
Q

What is the most common anomaly of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Tracheoesophageal fistula

  • an abnormal comm because trachea and esophagus
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16
Q

What is commonly ass with tracheoesophageal fistulas?

A

esophageal atresia

-85% of the time

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17
Q

What are some common complications with tracheoesophageal fistulas?

A
  • food or gastric contents may enter lungs–> aspiration

- polyhydramnios

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18
Q

what does the entire respiratory system dev from?

A

Respiratory diverticulum

Laryngotracheal groove–> larngotracheal diverticulum–> respiratory bud–> primary bonchial buds–> secondary bronchial buds–> segmental branches

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19
Q

Where do the bronchial buds dev from?

A

pericardioperitoneal canal which is a portion of the intra-embryonic coelom

20
Q

What does splanchinic mesenchyme give rise to in the lung?

A
  • visceral pleura
  • cartilaginous plates
  • SM
  • CT
  • pulmonary CT
21
Q

What is the parietal pleura derived from?

A

Somatic mesoderm

also gives rise to the body wall

22
Q

What is an azygous lobe?

A

-Part of the superior lobe of the right lung grows medial to azygous vein instead of lateral to it

23
Q

What causes agenesis of the lung?

A

-Failure of lung bud to dev

24
Q

What is lung hypoplasia commonly ass with?

A

-Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

25
Q

What is another common cause of lung hypoplasia?

A

-Oligohydramnios

26
Q

Do bronchioles have cartilages in their walls?

A

no

27
Q

What is the progression of airway after the terminal bronchioles?

A

-Respiratory bronchioles–> Alveolar ducts –>alveolar sacs–> alveoli

28
Q

What is the first stage of lung maturation? When?

A
  • Pseudoglandular stage

- 6-16 weeks

29
Q

During the pseudoglandular stage what devs? Can the baby survive if its doesn’t?

A
  • Ductal elements like bronchi and terminal bronchioles

- No fetuses cannot survive because alveoli are not present

30
Q

What is the second stage of lung dev called? When

A
  • Canalicular stage

- 16-26 weeks

31
Q

What devs during the canalicular stage? Can fetus survive?

A
  • Respiratory passageways like respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
  • Vascularization too
  • Yes respiration is possible
32
Q

What is the 3rd stage of lung maturation? When?

A
  • Terminal sac or saccular stage

- 26- birth

33
Q

What is the 4th stage of lung maturation? When?

A
  • Alveolar stage

- 32 weeks- 8 years old

34
Q

What is another name for pneumocytes type 1?

A
  • Type 1 alveolar cells

- Squamous epithelium of endodermal origin

35
Q

What devs during the saccular stage?

A
  • Type 1 alveolar cells

- Capillary and lymphatics

36
Q

What secretes surfactant and in what stage?

A
  • Type II alveolar cells or pneumocytes

- Made up of phospholipids and two proteins

37
Q

What is the purpose of surfactant?

A

-Serves to lower surface tension at the air-alveolar interface

38
Q

What is infant survival dependent upon?

A
  • Surfactant

- Vasculature

39
Q

What devs during the alveolar stage of lung maturation?

A
  • Maturation of alveoli

- Increase respiratory bronchioles and primitive alveoli

40
Q

What fuses between type 1 alveolar cells and the endothilum of capillaries?

A
  • Both basement membranes fuse

- No CT between

41
Q

How many alveolar are we born with? At age 8?

A
  • 150 mil

- 300 mil

42
Q

What are fetal breathing movements?

A
  • Occur prior to birth

- Stimulate lung dev and facilitates dev of respiratory musculature

43
Q

Where does the fluid at birth in the lungs come from?

A
  • ½ from amniotic fluid

- ½ from lung tissue itself

44
Q

Where does this fluid go after aeration?

A
  • Through mouth after pressure from vaginal delivery
  • Pulmonary arts/veins/capillaries
  • Lymphatics
45
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

A
  • Hyaline membrane dz
  • 20% of infant deaths
  • deficiency in surfactant
  • protein/fibrin rich exudation of alveolar wall
46
Q

What can one give to accelerate lung dev?

A
  • Glucocorticoids
47
Q

What is diff from newborn lungs from still born lungs?

A
  • Newborn have air and float

- Stillborn are firm and sink

Craab 2.5 (8 decks)

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