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Craab 2.5 > Micro- Lower respiratory > Flashcards

Micro- Lower respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

How can diff pneumonia from bronchitis?

A

Need a CXR

  • There are no consolidation or infiltration on a bronchitis
  • They are very similar clinical presentation
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2
Q

What are some sx of bronchitis?

A

Cough with some sputum
F
Chest pain

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of bronchitis?

A

Viral

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4
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi that does not involve alveoli

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5
Q

What is the prognosis of bronchitis?

A

self-limitation

- usually last longer than

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6
Q

What if the sx’s last longer than 14 days?

A

With fever and purulent sputum you can give abxs

- Like erythromycin or azithromycin

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7
Q

What is unique of mycoplasma pneumonoie and chlamydia pneumonie?

A

neither are gram + or neg

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8
Q

What are the most common causes of pneumonia in adults 18-40?

A

Mycoplasma

C and S pneumoniae

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9
Q

Where does chlamydia replicate?

A

within inclusion bodies

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of Bronchiolitis? Identification?

A

RSV

  • typically proceeded by minor viral URI
  • identified by Ag testing for RSV
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11
Q

Who gets bronchiolitis and why?

A

Less than 1 year olds

- because their developing tubes are narrow

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12
Q

What is an important clinical caveat of bronchiolitis?

A

Need CXR to rule our pneumonia

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13
Q

What are two other causes of bronchiolitis?

A

Parainfluenza virus

Adenovirus

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14
Q

What are the phases of pertussis?

A
  1. Incubation period
  2. Paroxysmal stage
  3. Convalescent phase
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15
Q

What is the pertussis incubation stage?

A

AKA catarrhal stage

  • 3-21 days
  • Cold sxs
  • notably a runny nose
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16
Q

What is the paroxysmal stage?

A

Severe and uncontrollable coughing

  • Bursting blood vessels
  • in eyes
  • in brain causing seizures
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17
Q

What is another name for the convalescent phase and whats important about it?

A

Recovery stage

  • Cilia of respiratory tract are damaged and take a couple weeks to recover and thus you are vulnerable for 2’ infection
  • takes weeks to months
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18
Q

What sort of toxin does Pertussis use?

A

AB toxin

  • high levels of cAMP
  • high levels of mucous
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19
Q

What media does pertussis grow on?

A
  1. Bordet-Genour agar traditionally

2. Regan-Lowe (blood, charcoal,

20
Q

What is another way to identify pertussis?

A

Diret fluorescent ab test

21
Q

What is pertussis resistant too? ABX?

A

Cephalexin and penicillin

22
Q

What are the sxs of influenza?

A 
F
Cough
Runny nose 
Muscle/body ache
HA
Fatigue
V and D in children
23
Q

How does influenza spread and when are adults contagious?

A

Air

- 1 day before sx’s and 5-7 days after sx’s

24
Q

What are the antivirals used for influenza and are they efficient?

A

Tamiflu- oseltamivir
Relenza- zanamivir
Rapivab- peramivir

  • usually only shortens illness 1-2 days
25
Q

What are the two envelope protein for influenza attachment?

A
  1. Hemagglutinin (HA)

2. Neurominidase (NA)

26
Q

What is the purpose of HA?

A

Protein makes constant with sialic acid on cell surfaces

27
Q

What is the purpose of NA?

A

Cleaves sialic acid from galactose which permits viral spread

28
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Occurs when minor changes in ags occur due to gene mutation in influenza virus
- A and B

29
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Occurs when major changes in ags occur to gene ressortment in influenza virus

30
Q

Which shift or drift leads to pandemics?

A

Shift

- usually influenza A

31
Q

What is the IIV3?

A

Influenza vaccine that has 3 parts to it:

  1. H1N1
  2. H3N2
  3. and B
  • standard and high dose
32
Q

What is the quadrivalent formulation of the influneza vaccine? IIV4

A

Two B lineages

33
Q

What is LAIV4?

A

Live attenuated vaccines

34
Q

What are the common causes influenza leading to 2’ pneumonia?

A

Influenza then:

  • S auerus
  • S pyogenes
  • H influenzae
  • S pneumoniae
35
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Inflammatory condition of the lung in which fluid fills the alveoli
- cause by bodies response to pathogen

36
Q

Factors to consider in clinical dx for pneumonia?

A 
Age 
Community acquired 
Hospital acquired 
Immunocompromised
Alcoholism
Iv drugs use
Post viral 2' infection
Chronic steroids
37
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in ages 40-65?

A
  1. S pneumoniae
  2. H. Influenza
  3. Legionella
38
Q

What is the most common cause of pneimonia for ages >65?

A
  1. S pneumoniae
  2. Gram - rods
  3. H influenzae
39
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia in young children?

A

RSE

Parainfluenza virus

40
Q

What is the tree for group b strep?

A 
Bacteria
Gram +
Cocci
Catalase -
Beta heme
Bacitracin resistant
41
Q

What is the tree for nocardia asteriodes?

A 
Bacteria
Gram +
Beaded filaments
Weakly acid fast
Obligate aerobe
42
Q

What sort of sputum does S pneumoniae cause?

A

Rust colored

43
Q

What sort of sputum does Pseudomonas and haemophilus and pneumococcal spp cause?

A

Green

44
Q

What sort of sputum does Klebsiella cause?

A

Red current jelly

45
Q

What sort of sputum does anaerobic infection cause?

A

foul smelling or bad tasting sputum

46
Q

What are the typical sx’s of TB?

A
  • Coughing that lasts three or more weeks
  • Coughing up blood
  • Chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing
  • Unintentional weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Night sweats
  • Chills
  • Loss of appetite
47
Q

What are some hints about TB?

A
  • Acid-fast (Mycolic acid and waxy barrier)
  • Aerobic obligate
  • Bacilli
  • Visible growth takes 3 to 8 weeks on solid media
  • An estimated 10,000 organisms/mL are required for sputum smear positivity
  • Pulmonary cavities contain huge numbers of organisms

Craab 2.5 (8 decks)

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