Respiratory conditions Flashcards
Recurrent chest infections + subfertility
Recurrent chest infections + subfertility - think primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome (Kartagener’s syndrome)
Before starting treatment for TB, what examination should a patient be assessed for?
visual acuity
tuberculosis will need treatment with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol.
ethambutol can cause optic neuritis so visual acuity should be assessed
most common histological subtype in lung cancer cases in non-smokers
non-small cell lung cancer
adenocarcinoma
drugs causing lung fibrosis
- amiodarone
- cytotoxic agents: busulphan, bleomycin
- anti-rheumatoid drugs: methotrexate, sulfasalazine
- nitrofurantoin
- ergot-derived dopamine receptor agonists (bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide)
IPF spirometry results
spirometry: classically a restrictive picture (FEV1 normal/decreased, FVC decreased, FEV1/FVC increased)
Antibiotic for legionella infection
Macrolides such as clarithromycin are used to treat Legionella
blood results in lung cancer results
Raised platelets can be an indicator of lung cancer
Pleural plaques mamagement
Pleural plaques are benign and do not undergo malignant change. They, therefore don’t require any follow-up.
sarcoidosis may cause which biochemical abnormality
Sarcoidosis may cause hypercalcaemia
Optic neuritis is common in patients taking which TB treatment?
Optic neuritis is common in patients taking ethambutol
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia causes which distinguishable feature
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia causes desaturation on exercise
seen in HIV patients
Mesothelioma is
Mesothelioma is a cancer of the mesothelial layer of the pleural cavity that is strongly associated with asbestos exposure
mesothelioma features
- Dyspnoea, weight loss, chest wall pain
- Clubbing
- 30% present as painless pleural effusion
- Only 20% have pre-existing asbestosis
- History of asbestos exposure in 85-90%, latent period of 30-40 years
mesothelioma investigation results and management
Acute exacerbation of COPD: BiPaP is indicated if
Acute exacerbation of COPD: BiPaP is indicated if type 2 respiratory failure develops despite medical therapy
In the step-down treatment of asthma, aim for
In the step-down treatment of asthma, aim for a reduction of 25-50% in the dose of inhaled corticosteroids
In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis … is the investigation of choice
In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, high resolution CT is the investigation of choice
Pneumocystis jiroveci penumonia is treated with
Pneumocystis jiroveci penumonia is treated with co-trimoxazole, which is a mix of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
Pneumonia, peripheral blood smear showing red blood cell agglutination
→ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
The features of acute severe asthma are
PEFR 33-50% best or predicted inability to complete full sentences
RR >25/min
pulse >110 bpm
Preceding influenza predisposes to….pneumonia
Preceding influenza predisposes to Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia
…score is recommended by BTS guidelines to be used to help identify patients with a pulmonary embolism that can be managed as outpatients
The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) score is recommended by BTS guidelines to be used to help identify patients with a pulmonary embolism that can be managed as outpatients
which organism causing pneumonia is associated with symmetrical, erythematous rash with ‘target’ lesions over the whole body
Mycoplasma is associated with erythema multiforme
which organism causing pneumonia causes neurological signs
Mycoplasma can cause immune-mediated neurological diseases
Symptom control in non-CF bronchiectasis -
Symptom control in non-CF bronchiectasis - inspiratory muscle training + postural drainage
what can be used to treat cystic fibrosis patients who are homozygous for the delta F508 mutation
Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor (Orkambi) can be used to treat cystic fibrosis patients who are homozygous for the delta F508 mutation
