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Anatomy 2 > Respiratory, Breast, Thorax > Flashcards

Respiratory, Breast, Thorax Flashcards

0
Q

Muscle in trachea

A

Trachealis muscle

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1
Q

Trachea - type of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage - collagen 2

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2
Q

Trachea begins at what level

A

C6

  • along with esophagus
  • cricoid cartilage also here
  • ends at T4
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3
Q

Aspiration when lying down flat

A

Via right lower lobe bronchus

Into superior BPS of right lower lobe

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4
Q

Aspiration when sitting or stranding

A

Through right lower lobe bronchus

Into posterobasal BPS of right lower lobe

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5
Q

Aspiration when lying on right side

A

Through right upper lobe bronchus

Into posterior BPS of right upper lobe

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6
Q

Aspiration when lying on left side

A

Into left upper bronchus

Into left inferior/ lingular segment of left upper lobe

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7
Q

Another name for secondary bronchus

A

Lobar bronchus

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8
Q

Another name for tertiary bronchus

A

Segmental bronchus

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9
Q

Epithelium of the trachea

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium)

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10
Q

Bifurcation of trachea at what vertebral level

A

T4

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11
Q

Epithelium of terminal bronchioles

A

Simple columnar - simple cuboidal (not respiratory anymore) with cilia and Clara cells

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12
Q

Epithelium of alveoli

A

Simple squamous - for exchange!

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13
Q

Reid’s index

A

Ratio between thickness of submucosal mucus secreting glands and thickness between epithelium and cartilage

NV: < 0.4
If > 0.4, chronic bronchitis

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14
Q

Dust cells

A

Alveolar macrophages

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15
Q

Pores of Kohn?

A

Allows passage of bacteria and exudates between adjacent alveoli

Kon-nects!

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16
Q

Structures traversed in thoracentesis

A

Skin, Superficial fascia, External IC, internal IC, innermost IC, parietal pleura, thoracic cavity

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17
Q

Sudden occlusion of descending aorta will occlude which intercostal arteries

A

Lower 6 posterior intercostals

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18
Q

Muscles for quiet inspiration

A

Diaphragm

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19
Q

Muscles for quiet expiration

A

None. Quiet exhalation is passive c/o elastic recoil of lungs

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20
Q

Blood supply of lungs

A

Bronchial arteries - from descending aorta

Pulmonary arteries - from pulmonary trunk

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21
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal veins drain

A

Azygous, Hemiazygous

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22
Q

Contents of intercostal space

A

Vein
Artery
Nerve

VAN - downward

So insert needle above the rib

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23
Q

Tube thoracostomy - where?

A

4th-5th ICS MAL (Schwartz)

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24
Q

Forms the pulmonary ligament which supports the lung

A

Mediastinal pleura

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25
Q

Shape of type 1 alveolar cells? Function?

A

Flat

Barrier

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26
Q

Shape of type 2 alveolar cells? Function?

A

Cuboidal

Release surfactant

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27
Q

Non-ciliated secretory cells which interrupt ciliated epithelial lining of bronchial mucosa

A

Clara cells - within bronchioles

28
Q

Neuroendocrine cells in lungs

A

Kulchitsky cells

29
Q

Neuroendocrine cells in GIT

A

Enterochromaffin cells

30
Q

Size of bronchioles

A

Less than 1 cm

31
Q

Where are Clara cells located?

A

Bronchioles

They divide to regenerate epithelium

32
Q

Retraction of nipple - pulls on what structure

A

Lactiferous duct

33
Q

Skin dimpling

A

Shortening of suspensory ligament/ Cooper’s ligament

34
Q

Blood supply to breast

A

Internal thoracic - subclavian
Lateral thoracic - thoracoacromial
Post intercostals - thoracic aorta

35
Q

Medial quadrant of beast - LN drainage

A

Parasternal

36
Q

Nerve supply of breast

A

4-6 intercostal nerves

37
Q

Lymph drainage of deep surface of breast

A

Apical group of axillary

38
Q

Central LN - what level?

A

Level 2

39
Q

Apical LN - what level?

A

Level 3

40
Q

Right Apical LN drains to?

A

Right lymphatic duct - opens to right brachoicephalic

41
Q

Left apical LN drains to

A

Thoracic duct - to left brachoicephalic

42
Q

4cm breast mass with 4 axillary lymph nodes. Stage?

A

Stage 3

43
Q

4cm breast mass with 1-3 nodes. Stage?

A

Stage 2

44
Q

Floating ribs

A

11th and 12th

45
Q

The tubercle of the rib articulates with what part of the vertebra?

A

Transverse process

Tubercle –> transverse process

46
Q

MC site of rib fracture

A

Anterior to the angle of the rib (weakest part)

47
Q

Anterior, posterior and lateral boundaries of thoracic inlet

A

Posterior: 1st thoracic vertebra
Lateral: medial border of 1st rib
Anterior: Manubrium

48
Q

Muscles that depress the ribs (3)

A

Serrated posterior inferior
Internal intercostal
Transverse thoracis

Depress the ribs–> decrease AP, transverse and vertical diameters

49
Q

Which division of mediastinum - thymus gland?

A

Superior and Anterior

50
Q

What division of mediastinum - arch of aorta

A

Superior

51
Q

What division of mediastinum - ascending aorta

A

Middle

52
Q

What division of mediastinum - descending aorta

A

Posterior

53
Q

What division of mediastinum - thoracic duct

A

Superior and posterior

54
Q

What division of mediastinum - esophagus

A

Posterior

55
Q

What division of mediastinum - left RLN

A

Superior

56
Q

What division of mediastinum - main bronchi

A

Middle

57
Q

Inferior SURFACE of the heart formed by?

A

RV and LV but mainly LV

58
Q

Inferior BORDER of the heart

A

RV

59
Q

Sternocostal surface of heart

A

RV

60
Q

Blood supply to left atrium and ventricle

A

Left coronary circumflex

61
Q

Blood supply to right ventricle

A

LAD and marginal branch of RCA

62
Q

Blood supply of right atrium

A

RCA

63
Q

Most posterior heart chamber

A

Left atrium

64
Q

Where do you auscultate for breath sounds from the SUPERIOR LOBE

A

Anterior and superior aspects of thoracic wall

65
Q

Where do you auscultate for breath sounds from the INFERIOR LOBE

A

Posterior and inferior back

66
Q

Where do you auscultate for breath sounds from the MIDDLE LOBE

A

Anterior chest wall near sternum, inferior to right 4th costal cartilage

67
Q

Left brachoicephalic vein drains into?

A

SVC

along with right brachoicephalic

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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