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Anatomy 2 > Respiratory, Breast, Thorax > Flashcards

Respiratory, Breast, Thorax Flashcards

0
Q

Muscle in trachea

A

Trachealis muscle

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1
Q

Trachea - type of cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage - collagen 2

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2
Q

Trachea begins at what level

A

C6

  • along with esophagus
  • cricoid cartilage also here
  • ends at T4
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3
Q

Aspiration when lying down flat

A

Via right lower lobe bronchus

Into superior BPS of right lower lobe

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4
Q

Aspiration when sitting or stranding

A

Through right lower lobe bronchus

Into posterobasal BPS of right lower lobe

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5
Q

Aspiration when lying on right side

A

Through right upper lobe bronchus

Into posterior BPS of right upper lobe

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6
Q

Aspiration when lying on left side

A

Into left upper bronchus

Into left inferior/ lingular segment of left upper lobe

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7
Q

Another name for secondary bronchus

A

Lobar bronchus

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8
Q

Another name for tertiary bronchus

A

Segmental bronchus

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9
Q

Epithelium of the trachea

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium)

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10
Q

Bifurcation of trachea at what vertebral level

A

T4

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11
Q

Epithelium of terminal bronchioles

A

Simple columnar - simple cuboidal (not respiratory anymore) with cilia and Clara cells

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12
Q

Epithelium of alveoli

A

Simple squamous - for exchange!

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13
Q

Reid’s index

A

Ratio between thickness of submucosal mucus secreting glands and thickness between epithelium and cartilage

NV: < 0.4
If > 0.4, chronic bronchitis

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14
Q

Dust cells

A

Alveolar macrophages

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15
Q

Pores of Kohn?

A

Allows passage of bacteria and exudates between adjacent alveoli

Kon-nects!

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16
Q

Structures traversed in thoracentesis

A

Skin, Superficial fascia, External IC, internal IC, innermost IC, parietal pleura, thoracic cavity

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17
Q

Sudden occlusion of descending aorta will occlude which intercostal arteries

A

Lower 6 posterior intercostals

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18
Q

Muscles for quiet inspiration

A

Diaphragm

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19
Q

Muscles for quiet expiration

A

None. Quiet exhalation is passive c/o elastic recoil of lungs

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20
Q

Blood supply of lungs

A

Bronchial arteries - from descending aorta

Pulmonary arteries - from pulmonary trunk

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21
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal veins drain

A

Azygous, Hemiazygous

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22
Q

Contents of intercostal space

A

Vein
Artery
Nerve

VAN - downward

So insert needle above the rib

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23
Q

Tube thoracostomy - where?

A

4th-5th ICS MAL (Schwartz)

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24
Forms the pulmonary ligament which supports the lung
Mediastinal pleura
25
Shape of type 1 alveolar cells? Function?
Flat | Barrier
26
Shape of type 2 alveolar cells? Function?
Cuboidal | Release surfactant
27
Non-ciliated secretory cells which interrupt ciliated epithelial lining of bronchial mucosa
Clara cells - within bronchioles
28
Neuroendocrine cells in lungs
Kulchitsky cells
29
Neuroendocrine cells in GIT
Enterochromaffin cells
30
Size of bronchioles
Less than 1 cm
31
Where are Clara cells located?
Bronchioles | They divide to regenerate epithelium
32
Retraction of nipple - pulls on what structure
Lactiferous duct
33
Skin dimpling
Shortening of suspensory ligament/ Cooper's ligament
34
Blood supply to breast
Internal thoracic - subclavian Lateral thoracic - thoracoacromial Post intercostals - thoracic aorta
35
Medial quadrant of beast - LN drainage
Parasternal
36
Nerve supply of breast
4-6 intercostal nerves
37
Lymph drainage of deep surface of breast
Apical group of axillary
38
Central LN - what level?
Level 2
39
Apical LN - what level?
Level 3
40
Right Apical LN drains to?
Right lymphatic duct - opens to right brachoicephalic
41
Left apical LN drains to
Thoracic duct - to left brachoicephalic
42
4cm breast mass with 4 axillary lymph nodes. Stage?
Stage 3
43
4cm breast mass with 1-3 nodes. Stage?
Stage 2
44
Floating ribs
11th and 12th
45
The tubercle of the rib articulates with what part of the vertebra?
Transverse process Tubercle --> transverse process
46
MC site of rib fracture
Anterior to the angle of the rib (weakest part)
47
Anterior, posterior and lateral boundaries of thoracic inlet
Posterior: 1st thoracic vertebra Lateral: medial border of 1st rib Anterior: Manubrium
48
Muscles that depress the ribs (3)
Serrated posterior inferior Internal intercostal Transverse thoracis Depress the ribs--> decrease AP, transverse and vertical diameters
49
Which division of mediastinum - thymus gland?
Superior and Anterior
50
What division of mediastinum - arch of aorta
Superior
51
What division of mediastinum - ascending aorta
Middle
52
What division of mediastinum - descending aorta
Posterior
53
What division of mediastinum - thoracic duct
Superior and posterior
54
What division of mediastinum - esophagus
Posterior
55
What division of mediastinum - left RLN
Superior
56
What division of mediastinum - main bronchi
Middle
57
Inferior SURFACE of the heart formed by?
RV and LV but mainly LV
58
Inferior BORDER of the heart
RV
59
Sternocostal surface of heart
RV
60
Blood supply to left atrium and ventricle
Left coronary circumflex
61
Blood supply to right ventricle
LAD and marginal branch of RCA
62
Blood supply of right atrium
RCA
63
Most posterior heart chamber
Left atrium
64
Where do you auscultate for breath sounds from the SUPERIOR LOBE
Anterior and superior aspects of thoracic wall
65
Where do you auscultate for breath sounds from the INFERIOR LOBE
Posterior and inferior back
66
Where do you auscultate for breath sounds from the MIDDLE LOBE
Anterior chest wall near sternum, inferior to right 4th costal cartilage
67
Left brachoicephalic vein drains into?
SVC | along with right brachoicephalic

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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