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Anatomy 2 > Pelvis, Abdomen > Flashcards

Pelvis, Abdomen Flashcards

0
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Transversalis fascia

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1
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

EOM aponeurosis

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2
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

EOM aponeurosis

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3
Q

What fascia covers a direct hernia

A

External spermatic fascia

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4
Q

What fascia covers an indirect hernia?

A

Peritoneum and layers of spermatic cord

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5
Q

What hernia enters the deep inguinal ring

A

Indirect hernia

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6
Q

Main vessels and nerves in the abdominal wall are deep to what muscle layer?

A

Internal oblique muscle

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7
Q

Origin of the superior epigastric artery

A

Internal thoracic artery

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8
Q

Peritoneum initially irritated in acute appendicitis

A

Visceral peritoneum

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9
Q

Location of the appendix from the ileocecal valve

A

1 inch below ileocecal valve

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10
Q

Origin of iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1

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11
Q

What nerve may be injured in appendectomy leading to weakening of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

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12
Q

Vertebral level - start of abdominal aorta?

A

T12

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13
Q

Vertebral level - end of abdominal aorta?

A

L4

It bifurcates to the right and left common iliacs

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14
Q

Anterior unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Celiac trunk
SMA
IMA

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15
Q

Lateral paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal

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16
Q

Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Celiac
SMA
IMA
Median sacral

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17
Q

Terminal branches of the abdominal aorta

A 
Median sacral (unpaired)
Common iliac (paired)
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18
Q

Vertebral level - celiac artery

A

T12

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19
Q

Branches of the celiac trunk

A

Left gastric
Splenic
Common Hepatic

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20
Q

Beaches of the splenic artery

A

Short gastric

Left gastroepiploic

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21
Q

Branches of the common hepatic artery

A

Right gastric
Proper hepatic
Gastroduodenal

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22
Q

Branches of the gastroduodenal artery

A

Right gastroepiploic

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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23
Q

Branches of the SMA

A 
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocolic 
Jejunal and ileal branches
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24
Q

Origin of the appendicular artery

A

Ileocecal artery - SMA

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25
Q

Vertebral level - SMA

A

L1

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26
Q

Midgut

A

D2 to 2/3 of transverse colon

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27
Q

Branches of IMA

A

Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal

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28
Q

Vertebral level - IMA

A

L3

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29
Q

Anterior to the SMA

A

NECK of the pancreas

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30
Q

Posterior to SMA

A

D3 (horizontal part)

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31
Q

Foregut

A

Parynx, esophagus, stomach, proximal 1/2 of duodenum

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32
Q

Origin of foregut, midgut and hindi it

A

Endodermal lining of the yolk sac

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33
Q

Upper border of the anal canal

A

Dentate line/ Pectinate line

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34
Q

Innervation of ascending colon

A

CN X

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35
Q

Innervation of sigmoid colon

A

Pelvic sphlancnic nerves (from S2-S4)

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36
Q

Where does pain radiate - foregut derivatives ?

A

Epigastric

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37
Q

Where does pain radiate - hindgut derivatives ?

A

Hypogastric

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38
Q

Where does pain radiate - midgut derivatives?

A

Periumbilical area

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39
Q

Lymph nodes that receive lymph from stomach?

A

Celiac nodes

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40
Q

Left gastric vein - what does it drain? Where does it drain?

A

Drains left portion of lesser curvature of stomach and distal esophagus

Opens directly into the portal vein

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41
Q

Portal tributaries involved in porto-systemic shunting

A

Left gastric v
Paraumbilical v
Superior rectal v

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42
Q

Blood supply of the liver

A

70% portal vein

30% hepatic artery

43
Q

Fatty tags

A

Appendices epoploicae

44
Q

Permanent folds in the mucous membrane of SI

A

Plicae circulares - absent in colon

45
Q

Where is villi present? SI or Colon?

A

SI

No villi in the colon

46
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches found?

A

SI - most in ileum

47
Q

Caudate and quadrate lobes - functional part of what part?

A

Left

48
Q

What keeps the liver in position in the abdominal cavity?

A

Attachment of the hepatic veins to the IVC (Snell)

The peritoneal ligaments and abdominal muscle tone play a minor role

49
Q

Liver biopsy?

A

Full expiration
8th or 9th ICS MAL
(Snell)

50
Q

Why is pain in acute chole referred to the shoulder?

A

Irritation of the subdiaphragmatic parietal peritoneum (supplied by phrenic nerve C3-5)
The skin in the shoulder is supplied by supraclavicular nerves (C3,C4)

51
Q

Uncinate process of the pancreas

A

Within the head

52
Q

Blood supply of pancreas

A

Splenic a

Superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal a

53
Q

The long axis of the spleen lies where?

A

Along the shaft of the 10th rib

54
Q

Pancreatic islet cells start secreting insulin and glucagon starting ?

A

5th month

55
Q

Largest branch of celiac artery

A

Splenic artery

56
Q

Retro peritoneal space

A

12th thoracic vertebra to sacrum and iliac crests

57
Q

Renal hilum structures - from anterior to posterior

A

Renal vein
Renal artery
Pelvis
VAP!

58
Q

Muscles that form posterior wall of retro peritoneum

A

Psoas
Quadratus lumborum
Origin of transverse abdominis

59
Q

What structures hold the kidneys in position

A

Perirenal fat, renal fascia, pararenal fat

60
Q

What part of the duodenum is anterior to the right kidney?

A

D2

61
Q

Kidneys - blood supply?

A

Aorta - renal arteries - segmental - lobar - interlobar - arcuate - interlobular - afferent

62
Q

MC location of gastric ulcer

A

Lesser curvature at or near incisura

63
Q

Posterior stomach perforation - where will contents accumulate?

A

Omental bursa

64
Q

Fundus of stomach supplied by?

A

Short gastric arteries

65
Q

Blood supply to lesser curvature

A

Right and left gastric

66
Q

Blood supply to greater curvature of stomach

A

Right and left gastroepiploic

67
Q

Blood supple to gastric fundus

A

Short gastric

68
Q

Where do the right and left gastric v drain?

A

Portal cein

69
Q

Where do the L gastroepiploic v drain?

A

Splenic –> portal v

70
Q

Where does the right gastroepiploic v drain?

A

SMV –> portal vein

71
Q

Most common site of gastric carcinoma

A

Pylorus

72
Q

Distance from nostril to 1st esophageal constriction

A

7.2 inches

18 cm

73
Q

Distance from nostril to 2nd esophageal constriction

A

11.2 in

28 cm

74
Q

Distance from nostril to 3rd esophageal constriction

A

17.2 in

44 cm

75
Q

Most anterior structure within the renal hilum

A

Vein

VAP - vein, artery, pelvis

76
Q

Kidney fascia

A

Gerota’s fascia

77
Q

Adrenal fascia

A

Gerota’s fascia

Along with kidney

78
Q

Fat within renal fascia

A

Perirenal fat

Outside - pararenal fat

79
Q

Renal transplantation anastomoses

A

Renal artery anastomosed to internal iliac artery

Renal vein to external iliac vein

80
Q

Injury of left testicle –> swelling and tenderness - thrombosis of which vein?

A

Left renal vein - drains to IVC

81
Q

MC site of varicocele

A

Left

82
Q

Posterior to right adrenal

A

Diaphragm

83
Q

Posterior to left adrenal

A

Diaphragm

84
Q

Embryonic derivative of adrenal medulla

A

Neural crest – ectoderm

85
Q

Embryonic derivative of adrenal cortex

A

Mesoderm

86
Q

Inferior supra renal artery is from?

A

Renal artery

87
Q

Right supra renal artery drains into?

A

IVC

88
Q

Blood supply of adrenals

A

Superior - from inf phrenic a
Middle - from abdominal aorta
Inferior - from renal a

89
Q

Weight of adrenal gland

A

4g

90
Q

Weight of thyroid gland

A

20g

91
Q

Renal pain - what spinal cord level?

A

T12

92
Q

Site for kidney transplantation

A

Iliac fossa on posterior abdominal wall

93
Q

3 constrictions of the ureter

A

UPJ
As it crosses the pelvic brim
Where it pierces the bladder wall

94
Q

MCC of Cushing’s syndrome

A

Supra renal cortical hyperplasia

95
Q

IVC - on right or left of aorta?

A

IVC ascends on the right side of the aorta

96
Q

Three lateral visceral tributaries of the IVC

A

Right adrenal
Right testicular or ovarian
R and L renal

97
Q

Beginning of the thoracic duct in the abdomen

A

Cisterna chylii

98
Q

Nerve supply to the skin of lower abdominal wall

A

Iliohypogastric

99
Q

Nerve that passes through inguinal canal to supply the skin to the groin, scrotum, labia majora

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

100
Q

Femoral nerve roots

A

L2, L3, L4

101
Q

Largest branch of lumbar plexus

A

Femoral nerve

102
Q

Nerve roots of obturator nerve

A

L2,3,4

103
Q

Nerve roots of genitofemoral nerve

A

L1,2

104
Q

Nerve supply to cremaster muscle

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Enters the spermatic cord

105
Q

Nerve that enters the spermatic cord

A

Genitofemoral nerve - genital branch

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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