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Anatomy 2 > Embryology, upper Extremities > Flashcards

Embryology, upper Extremities Flashcards

0
Q

Protein product of SRY gene that determines gonadal sex

A

Testes determining factor (TDF)

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1
Q

Indifferent gonad present until how many weeks?

A

7 weeks

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2
Q

Lining epithelium of the PCT

A

Simple cuboidal with brush borders

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3
Q

Lining epithelium of DCT

A

Simple cuboidal without brush border

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4
Q

Permanent kidneys seen at how many weeks?

A

5th week

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5
Q

Upper brachial plexus injury damages what nerves?

A
  • Axillary n (deltoid and teres minor)
  • Musculocutaneous n (anterior arm flexors)
  • Suprascapular n - supra and infraspinatus
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6
Q

Waiter’s tip deformity

A

C5-C6

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7
Q

Lower brachial plexus injury - damage to what roots?

A

C8-T1

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8
Q

Location of sensory loss in lower brachial plexus injury

A

Lateral

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9
Q

Location of sensory loss of lower brachial plexus injury

A

Medial aspect

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10
Q

End nerves affected with damage to lower brachial plexus injury

A

Ulnar and median nerves

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11
Q

Ape hand

A

Lower brachial plexus injury
C8-T1
Median

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12
Q

Claw hand

A

Lower brachial plexus injury
C8-T1
Ulnar

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13
Q

Klumpke’s paralysis

A

Lower brachial plexus injury

C8-T1

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14
Q

Unable to abduct arm - what nerve/s affected?

A

Suprascapular n - Supraspinatus

Axillary n - Deltoid

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15
Q

Arm muscles for lateral rotation

A

Infraspinatus and teres minor

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16
Q

Main forearm flexor

A

Brachialis

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17
Q

Fracture to midshaft of humerus may damage what nerve

A

Radial nerve - posterior cord

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18
Q

Injury to the SURGICAL

NECK of the humerus will most likely affect what nerve and muscle

A

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery

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19
Q

Injury to the MIDSHAFT of the humerus will likely affect what nerve and artery?

A

Radial nerve and profunda brachial artery

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20
Q

Injury to the SUPRACONDYLAR region of the humerus may injure –?

A

Median nerve

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21
Q

Injury to the medial epicondyle may also damage –?

A

Ulnar nerve

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22
Q

Claw hand - what nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve

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23
Q

Hand of benediction - nerve?

A

Median nerve - proximal

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24
Q

Ape hand - what nerve?

A

Median nerve - distal

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25
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation - what is most likely injured?

A

Axillary nerve - which supplies the deltoid and teres minor

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26
Q

Forearm supinator

A

Biceps brachii

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27
Q

Paresthesia in first dorsal interossei muscle between thumb and index finger - what nerve?

A

Radial nerve

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28
Q

Weakness in hand opposition

A

Median nerve

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29
Q

Fracture of hook of hamate - what nerve affected?

A

Ulnar nerve

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30
Q

Lunate dislocation - what nerve affected?

A

Median nerve

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31
Q

Weakness of flexion at wrist - what nerve supply affected?

A

Median OR Ulnar

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32
Q

Tenderness in palpation of anatomic snuffbox

A

Scaphoid fracture - scaphoid bone makes up the floor of the anatomic snuffbox

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33
Q

Vessel associated with the anatomic snuffbox

A

Radial artery

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34
Q

Most commonly dislocated carpal bone

A

Lunate

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35
Q

Lateral border of anatomic snuffbox

A

Extensor pollicis brevis and Abductor pollicis longus

APL + EPB

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36
Q

Nerve to extend the thumb

A

Radial nerve

37
Q

Funny bone

A

Ulnar nerve

38
Q

Muscles for flexion of MCP joint

A

Lumbricals - inn by median (lateral) and ulnar (medial)

39
Q

Hand adduction - muscles and nerve

A

Palmar interossei
PAD

Ulnar nerve

40
Q

Hand abduction - muscles and nerve

A

Dorsal interossei
DAB

Ulnar nerve

41
Q

Can’t flex proximal IP joint - muscle and nerve

A

FDS - median nerve

42
Q

Can’t flex distal IP joint - muscle and nerve?

A

FDP - medial and ulnar

43
Q

Contents of the Carpal tunnel

A

4 FDS
4 FDP
Tendon of FPL
Median nerve

44
Q

Within the carpal tunnel, what is the position of the median nerve in relation to the FCR tendon

A

Medial

45
Q

Thenar muscles innervated by the median nerve

A

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

AFO

46
Q

Hypothenar muscles innervates by ulnar nerve

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

AFO

47
Q

Winging of scapula

Nerve? Muscle?

A

Serratus anterior

Long thoracic nerve

48
Q

Weakness in PROTRACTION of scapula

A

Aka Winging of scapula
Serratus anterior muscle
Long thoracic nerve

49
Q

Chief stability of the shoulder joint

A

Rotator cuff muscles

50
Q

Position of bone segments with clavicular fracture

A

Medial segment pulled upward (c/o SCM)

Lateral segment pulled downward (c/o deltoid)

51
Q

Complications of clavicular fracture

A

Injury to Lower trunk of brachial plexus

Hemorrhage from subclavian vein

52
Q

Position of leg in hip dislocation

A

Lower limb shortened and medially rotated

53
Q

Strongest support of the hip joint

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Y-shaped ligament

54
Q

Hip joint ligament that prevents overextension during standing

A

Iliofemoral ligament

55
Q

Function of iliofemoral ligament

A

Prevents overextension during standing

56
Q

Muscles for medial rotation of hip/ thigh

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

57
Q

Action of gluteus medius and minimus. Innervation?

A

Hip medial rotation

Superior gluteal nerve

58
Q

Positive trendelenburg sign

A

Pelvis falls to unsupported side

Ex. Right side is weak. Patient raises left leg and will fall to the left

59
Q

Thigh adductors

A

Adductor magnus, brevis, longus

Pectineus, gracilis

60
Q

What type of bone is the patella

A

Sesamoid

61
Q

Thigh muscle with dual nerve innervation

A

Adductor Magnus

  • adductor portion: obturator nerve
  • hamstring portion: sciatic nerve
62
Q

Muscles of the medial thigh are purely innervated by — except —

A

Obturator nerve

Except adductor Magnus - with two innervations (obturator and sciatic nerve)

63
Q

Decreased patellar tendon reflex - what nerve is involved?

A

Femoral nerve - L4

64
Q

Action of gluteus Maximus

A

Extension and lateral rotation of hip

65
Q

Which muscles of the gluteal region does not attach to the greater trochanter of the femur

A

Gluteus Maximus
Tensor fascia lata
Quadratus femoris

66
Q

Nerves that pass through the lesser sciatic Foramen

A

Pudendal nerve

Nerve to obturator internus

67
Q

Vessels that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Internal pudendal artery and vein

68
Q

Vastus-es

Innervation? Action?

A

Femoral nerve
Extension of leg at knee joint

No Action on thigh!!

69
Q

Only anterior thigh muscle that laterally rotates at hip joint

A

Sartorius

70
Q

Innervation of tensor fascia lata

A

Superior gluteal nerve

71
Q

Only muscle with action at leg and thigh

A

Rectus femoris
Inn: femoral nerve

Extension of leg at knee joint
Flexion of thigh at hip joint

72
Q

Common attachment of the quadriceps muscles

A

Patellar tendon

73
Q

Location of femoral sheath

A

2.5 cm/ 1 in below inguinal ligament

74
Q

Femoral artery - what compartment of the femoral sheath?

A

Lateral compartment

75
Q

Components of the lateral, intermediate and medial compartments of the femoral sheath

A

Lateral - fem artery
Intermediate - fem vein
Medial - lymphatics, femoral canal

76
Q

Femoral hernia in relation to the pubic tubercle

A

Neck of the femoral sac is always below and lateral to the pubic tubercle

(An inguinal hernia lies above and medial to the pubic tubercle)

77
Q

Main blood supply to hip joint

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery from profunda femoris

78
Q

Largest bone of the foot

A

Calcaneus

79
Q

Bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint

A

Talus

80
Q

Attachment of the Achilles’ tendon

A

Calcaneus - posterior surface

81
Q

Spinal nerve root of Achilles’ tendon reflex? Patellar tendon reflex?

A

Achilles - S1

Patella - L4

82
Q

Spinal nerve roots of tendon reflexes

A 
Biceps brachi - C5
Brachioradialis - C6
Triceps brachii - C7
Patellar tendon - L4
Achilles' tendon - S1
83
Q

Motor innervation of the anterior leg? Blood supply?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

Anterior tibial artery

84
Q

Lateral and medial boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A

Lateral: biceps femoris (above), gastroc and plantaris (below)

Medial: semimem and semiten (above) and medial gastroc (below)

85
Q

Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis

Inn: superficial peroneal nerve
Action: plantarflexion, eversion

86
Q

Can’t tiptoe

A

Tibial nerve

87
Q

Steppage gait

A

Common peroneal nerve or deep peroneal

88
Q

Dupuytren contracture

A

Thickening and contracture of palmar aponeurosis

89
Q

Volkman’s ischemic contracture

A

Causes contraction of forearm muscles

Assoc with supracondylar fracture - brachial artery goes into spasm

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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