Embryology, upper Extremities Flashcards
0
Q
Protein product of SRY gene that determines gonadal sex
A
Testes determining factor (TDF)
1
Q
Indifferent gonad present until how many weeks?
A
7 weeks
2
Q
Lining epithelium of the PCT
A
Simple cuboidal with brush borders
3
Q
Lining epithelium of DCT
A
Simple cuboidal without brush border
4
Q
Permanent kidneys seen at how many weeks?
A
5th week
5
Q
Upper brachial plexus injury damages what nerves?
A
- Axillary n (deltoid and teres minor)
- Musculocutaneous n (anterior arm flexors)
- Suprascapular n - supra and infraspinatus
6
Q
Waiter’s tip deformity
A
C5-C6
7
Q
Lower brachial plexus injury - damage to what roots?
A
C8-T1
8
Q
Location of sensory loss in lower brachial plexus injury
A
Lateral
9
Q
Location of sensory loss of lower brachial plexus injury
A
Medial aspect
10
Q
End nerves affected with damage to lower brachial plexus injury
A
Ulnar and median nerves
11
Q
Ape hand
A
Lower brachial plexus injury
C8-T1
Median
12
Q
Claw hand
A
Lower brachial plexus injury
C8-T1
Ulnar
13
Q
Klumpke’s paralysis
A
Lower brachial plexus injury
C8-T1
14
Q
Unable to abduct arm - what nerve/s affected?
A
Suprascapular n - Supraspinatus
Axillary n - Deltoid
15
Q
Arm muscles for lateral rotation
A
Infraspinatus and teres minor
16
Q
Main forearm flexor
A
Brachialis
17
Q
Fracture to midshaft of humerus may damage what nerve
A
Radial nerve - posterior cord
18
Q
Injury to the SURGICAL
NECK of the humerus will most likely affect what nerve and muscle
A
Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery
19
Q
Injury to the MIDSHAFT of the humerus will likely affect what nerve and artery?
A
Radial nerve and profunda brachial artery
20
Q
Injury to the SUPRACONDYLAR region of the humerus may injure –?
A
Median nerve
21
Q
Injury to the medial epicondyle may also damage –?
A
Ulnar nerve
22
Q
Claw hand - what nerve?
A
Ulnar nerve
23
Q
Hand of benediction - nerve?
A
Median nerve - proximal
24
Ape hand - what nerve?
Median nerve - distal
25
Anterior shoulder dislocation - what is most likely injured?
Axillary nerve - which supplies the deltoid and teres minor
26
Forearm supinator
Biceps brachii
27
Paresthesia in first dorsal interossei muscle between thumb and index finger - what nerve?
Radial nerve
28
Weakness in hand opposition
Median nerve
29
Fracture of hook of hamate - what nerve affected?
Ulnar nerve
30
Lunate dislocation - what nerve affected?
Median nerve
31
Weakness of flexion at wrist - what nerve supply affected?
Median OR Ulnar
32
Tenderness in palpation of anatomic snuffbox
Scaphoid fracture - scaphoid bone makes up the floor of the anatomic snuffbox
33
Vessel associated with the anatomic snuffbox
Radial artery
34
Most commonly dislocated carpal bone
Lunate
35
Lateral border of anatomic snuffbox
Extensor pollicis brevis and Abductor pollicis longus
APL + EPB
36
Nerve to extend the thumb
Radial nerve
37
Funny bone
Ulnar nerve
38
Muscles for flexion of MCP joint
Lumbricals - inn by median (lateral) and ulnar (medial)
39
Hand adduction - muscles and nerve
Palmar interossei
PAD
Ulnar nerve
40
Hand abduction - muscles and nerve
Dorsal interossei
DAB
Ulnar nerve
41
Can't flex proximal IP joint - muscle and nerve
FDS - median nerve
42
Can't flex distal IP joint - muscle and nerve?
FDP - medial and ulnar
43
Contents of the Carpal tunnel
4 FDS
4 FDP
Tendon of FPL
Median nerve
44
Within the carpal tunnel, what is the position of the median nerve in relation to the FCR tendon
Medial
45
Thenar muscles innervated by the median nerve
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
AFO
46
Hypothenar muscles innervates by ulnar nerve
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
AFO
47
Winging of scapula
| Nerve? Muscle?
Serratus anterior
| Long thoracic nerve
48
Weakness in PROTRACTION of scapula
Aka Winging of scapula
Serratus anterior muscle
Long thoracic nerve
49
Chief stability of the shoulder joint
Rotator cuff muscles
50
Position of bone segments with clavicular fracture
Medial segment pulled upward (c/o SCM)
| Lateral segment pulled downward (c/o deltoid)
51
Complications of clavicular fracture
Injury to Lower trunk of brachial plexus
| Hemorrhage from subclavian vein
52
Position of leg in hip dislocation
Lower limb shortened and medially rotated
53
Strongest support of the hip joint
Iliofemoral ligament
| Y-shaped ligament
54
Hip joint ligament that prevents overextension during standing
Iliofemoral ligament
55
Function of iliofemoral ligament
Prevents overextension during standing
56
Muscles for medial rotation of hip/ thigh
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata
57
Action of gluteus medius and minimus. Innervation?
Hip medial rotation
| Superior gluteal nerve
58
Positive trendelenburg sign
Pelvis falls to unsupported side
Ex. Right side is weak. Patient raises left leg and will fall to the left
59
Thigh adductors
Adductor magnus, brevis, longus
| Pectineus, gracilis
60
What type of bone is the patella
Sesamoid
61
Thigh muscle with dual nerve innervation
Adductor Magnus
- adductor portion: obturator nerve
- hamstring portion: sciatic nerve
62
Muscles of the medial thigh are purely innervated by --- except ---
Obturator nerve
| Except adductor Magnus - with two innervations (obturator and sciatic nerve)
63
Decreased patellar tendon reflex - what nerve is involved?
Femoral nerve - L4
64
Action of gluteus Maximus
Extension and lateral rotation of hip
65
Which muscles of the gluteal region does not attach to the greater trochanter of the femur
Gluteus Maximus
Tensor fascia lata
Quadratus femoris
66
Nerves that pass through the lesser sciatic Foramen
Pudendal nerve
| Nerve to obturator internus
67
Vessels that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen
Internal pudendal artery and vein
68
Vastus-es
| Innervation? Action?
Femoral nerve
Extension of leg at knee joint
No Action on thigh!!
69
Only anterior thigh muscle that laterally rotates at hip joint
Sartorius
70
Innervation of tensor fascia lata
Superior gluteal nerve
71
Only muscle with action at leg and thigh
Rectus femoris
Inn: femoral nerve
Extension of leg at knee joint
Flexion of thigh at hip joint
72
Common attachment of the quadriceps muscles
Patellar tendon
73
Location of femoral sheath
2.5 cm/ 1 in below inguinal ligament
74
Femoral artery - what compartment of the femoral sheath?
Lateral compartment
75
Components of the lateral, intermediate and medial compartments of the femoral sheath
Lateral - fem artery
Intermediate - fem vein
Medial - lymphatics, femoral canal
76
Femoral hernia in relation to the pubic tubercle
Neck of the femoral sac is always below and lateral to the pubic tubercle
(An inguinal hernia lies above and medial to the pubic tubercle)
77
Main blood supply to hip joint
Medial circumflex femoral artery from profunda femoris
78
Largest bone of the foot
Calcaneus
79
Bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint
Talus
80
Attachment of the Achilles' tendon
Calcaneus - posterior surface
81
Spinal nerve root of Achilles' tendon reflex? Patellar tendon reflex?
Achilles - S1
| Patella - L4
82
Spinal nerve roots of tendon reflexes
```
Biceps brachi - C5
Brachioradialis - C6
Triceps brachii - C7
Patellar tendon - L4
Achilles' tendon - S1
```
83
Motor innervation of the anterior leg? Blood supply?
Deep peroneal nerve
| Anterior tibial artery
84
Lateral and medial boundaries of the popliteal fossa
Lateral: biceps femoris (above), gastroc and plantaris (below)
Medial: semimem and semiten (above) and medial gastroc (below)
85
Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Inn: superficial peroneal nerve
Action: plantarflexion, eversion
86
Can't tiptoe
Tibial nerve
87
Steppage gait
Common peroneal nerve or deep peroneal
88
Dupuytren contracture
Thickening and contracture of palmar aponeurosis
89
Volkman's ischemic contracture
Causes contraction of forearm muscles
| Assoc with supracondylar fracture - brachial artery goes into spasm
