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Anatomy 2 > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

0
Q

Primary curvatures

A

Thoracic and sacral

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1
Q

MC site of berry aneurysm

A

ACOM

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2
Q

Structures within the vertebral canal

A

Spinal cord, dorsal and ventral nerve roots, meninges

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3
Q

Where are the spinal nerves located?

A

Outside the vertebral canal - exit through the intervertebral Foramen

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4
Q

Vertebral dislocation without fracture

A

Cervical only - articular surfaces inclined horizontally

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5
Q

Vertebral dislocation with fracture

A

Thoracic and lumbar - articular surfaces inclined vertically

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6
Q

Fish mouth deformity of X-ray

A

Sickle cell anemia - central depression in vertebral body

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7
Q

Absent vertebral arch with no neurologic deficits

A

Spina bifida occulta

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8
Q

Scottie dog sign

A

Fracture of neck of the dog - fracture of pars interarticularis

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9
Q

View to see Scottie dog sign

A

Oblique view on X-ray

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10
Q

Usual site of spondylolisthesis

A

Degenerative: L5-L5
Congenital: L5-S1

Anterior subluxation

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11
Q

Bamboo spine on X-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylosis

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12
Q

Ankylosing spondylosis usually affects what region

A

Sacroiliac

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13
Q

Remnant of notochord

A

Nucleus pulposus

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14
Q

Usual herniation of nucleus pulposus

A

Posterolaterally

NP –> PL

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15
Q

MC level of disc herniation

A

L5-S1

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16
Q

Common s/s of disc herniation

A

If at L5-S1 usually pain at back and lateral leg radiating to sole of the foot (sciatica)

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17
Q

Plexus involved in posterior epistaxis

A

Woodruff’s plexus

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18
Q

Plexus involved in anterior epistaxis

A

Hesselbach’s plexus/ Little’s area

Kieselbach?

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19
Q

Treatment of choice for Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

A

Angioembolization

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20
Q

Soap bubble on X-ray

A

Ameloblastoma

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21
Q

MC malignant tumor of parotid gland

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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22
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia - what ganglion?

A

Gasserian

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23
Q

Ganglion of CN 7

A

Geniculate ganglion

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24
Q

Sensory innervation: tip of nose

A

V1

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25
Q

Sensory innervation: side of nose

A

V2

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26
Q

Sensory innervation: lower lip

A

V3

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27
Q

Sensory innervation: upper lip

A

V2

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28
Q

Sensory innervation: temples

A

V3

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29
Q

Innervation: muscles of mastication

A

V3

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30
Q

Innervation: stylohyoid

A

CN 7

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31
Q

Innervation: platysma

A

CN 7

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32
Q

Innervation: anterior digastric

A

CN 5

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33
Q

Innervation: superior omohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis

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34
Q

Sensory innervation: scalp near hair line anteriorly

A

V1

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35
Q

Sensory innervation: posterior scalp

A

C2

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36
Q

Sensory innervation: shoulder

A

C5

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37
Q

Sensory innervation: thumb

A

C6

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38
Q

Which cranial nerves exit from the pons

A

CN 5, 6, 7, 8

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39
Q

Glands innervated by CN 7

A

Submandibular
Sublingual
Lacrimal

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40
Q

Inn of parotid gland

A

CN 9

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41
Q

Ear muscle innervated by CN 7

A

Stapedius

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42
Q

Innervation of tensor tympani

A

V3

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43
Q

Innervation: muscles for facial expression

A

CN 7

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44
Q

Trumpeter’s muscle

A

Buccinator

For blowing

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45
Q

Nerves that exit cerebellar pontine angle

A

CN 5, 7, 8

46
Q

Exit of CN 7

A

Stylomastoid foramen

47
Q

Crocodile tears

A

Facial nerve

Proximal to geniculate ganglion

48
Q

Corneal reflex afferent nerve - be specific

A

Nasociliary nerve of V1

49
Q

Exits optic canal

A

Optic nerve

Ophthalmic artery

50
Q

Exists sup orbital fissure

A

Ophthalmic vein
Ophthalmic nerve
CN 3,4,6

51
Q

Fracture of pterion - what vessel is likely injured?

52
Q

Anosmia, raccoon eye, rhinorhea - what part of cranium fractured

A

Anterior cranial fossa

53
Q

Innervation: muscles of deglutition

54
Q

Innervation: Muscles for phonation

55
Q

PCA - branch of?

A

Basilar artery

56
Q

Basilar artery - branch of ?

A

Vertebral artery

57
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Motor

Area 4

58
Q

Post central gyrus

A

Sensory

Areas 1,2,3

59
Q

Heschl’s gyrus

A

Primary auditory

Areas 41,42

60
Q

Broca’s area

A

Inferior frontal
Area 44,45

“Bulol” - expressive aphasia
With inferiority complex

61
Q

Wernicke

A

Superior temporal

Area 22,39

62
Q

Primary visual cortex

63
Q

Blood supply of occipital lobe

64
Q

Lateral brain blood supply

65
Q

Medial brain blood supply

66
Q

Loss of sensation in dura of middle cranial fossa

67
Q

Dura above tentorium

A

CN 5

Headache - forehead and face

68
Q

Dura below tentorium

A

First 3 cranial nerves

Headache - back of head to neck

69
Q

Scalp wound - gaping

A

Galea aponeurotica

70
Q

Scalp wound infection

A

Loose areolar

71
Q

Layers of scalp

A 
SCALP
Sweat and sebaceous glands
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis - dense regular CT
Loose connective - EMISSARY veins here
Pericranium/ periosteum
72
Q

Dense regular connective tissues in the body

A

Tendons
Ligaments
Aponeurosis

73
Q

Thinnest part of skull

74
Q

Junction of 4 major bones of the skull

75
Q

Type of hematoma with fracture to pterion

A

Epidural

MMA involved

76
Q

External auditory meatus - epithelium

A

Lateral 1/3 - cartilaginous

Medial 2/3 - biby

77
Q

Length of EAM

78
Q

TM layers

A

Outer - cutaneous
Intermediate - fibrous
Inner - mucous

79
Q

Internal TM innervation

A

Tympanic branch of CN 10

80
Q

Cone of light

A

Antero-inferior quadrant

Originating from the UMBO

81
Q

Tympanic cavity - within what bone

82
Q

Hyperacusis - CN? Muscle?

A

Stapes it’s

CN 7

83
Q

Innervation of tensor tympani

84
Q

Chorda tympani from what CN?

85
Q

Pain from TM in otitis media - what nerve?

86
Q

Present sinuses at birth

A

Maxillary

Ethmoid

87
Q

Largest sinus

A

Maxillary

Also most commonly infected

88
Q

Blow out fracture - what bones involved?

A

Floor or orbit

Roof of maxillary

89
Q

Drains into middle meatus

A

Maxillary
Frontal
Anterior ethmoid
Middle ethmoid

90
Q

Drains into superior meatus

A

Posterior ethmois

91
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain into?

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

92
Q

What lies above the sphenoid sinus

A

Pituitary gland

93
Q

Injury to right optic nerve

A

Blind right eye

Think: optic neuritis

94
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Think: pituitary tumor

95
Q

Right angle chiasm

A

Right nasal hemianopsia

Think: ICA aneurysm

96
Q

Right optic tract

A

Left homonymous hemianopsia

Think: vascular problem

97
Q

Paired cranial bones (2)

A

Parietal
Temporal

Unpaired: frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

98
Q

Unpaired facial bones (2)

A

Vomer
Manible

(Vonga si Mandy pero single)

Paired: zygomatic, maxilla, nasal bones, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, inferior conchae

99
Q

Most common facial fracture

A

Nasal bone fracture

100
Q

Origin of middle meningeal artery

A

Maxillary artery

101
Q

What produces CSF

A

Choroid plexus

102
Q

Rotates the eyeball so that the cornea looks upward and laterally

A

Inferior oblique muscle

103
Q

Rotates eyeball so that cornea looks downward and laterally

A

Superior oblique muscle

104
Q

Muscle that dilates the pupil

A

Dilator pupillae of iris

Sympathetic innervation

105
Q

Constricts the pupil

A

Sphincter pupillae of iris

Parasympathetic via CN III

106
Q

Muscle for accommodation

A

Ciliary muscle
Parasympathetic via CN III
Lens become more globular

107
Q

Origin of lacrimal nerve

108
Q

Outer 1/3 of external auditory meatus

A

Elastic cartilage

109
Q

Inner 2/3 of external auditory meatus

110
Q

What divides the cochlear canal into the scala vestibuli above and scala tympani below

A

Basilar membrane

111
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

Innervated by V3

112
Q

Reduction of temporomandibular joint dislocation - what direction?

A

Press thumbs downward and push the jaw backward

113
Q

Inability to depress eye when abducted

Anatomy 2 (10 decks)

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