Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems Flashcards
Small sacs that interface with the pulmonary capillaries, allowing gases to diffuse across a one-cell thick membrane.
Alveoli
This is found in the alveoli and reduces surface tension at the liquid-gas interface, preventing collapse.
Surfactant
This pleura lies adjacent to the lung itself.
Visceral Pleura
This pleura lines the chest wall.
Parietal Pleura
This pleura lies between two other layers and contains a think layer of fluid, which lubricates the two pleural surfaces.
Intrapleural Space
The maximum volume of air in the lungs when one inhales completely.
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
The minimum volume of air in the lungs when one exhales completely.
Residual Volume (RV)
The difference between the minimum and the maximum volume of air in the lungs.
Vital Capacity (VC)
The volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath.
Tidal Volume (TV)
The volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation.
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
The volume of additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
A collection of cells in the medulla oblongata that regulates ventilation.
Ventilation Center
Respond to carbon dioxide concentrations, increasing the respiratory rate when there are high concentrations of carbon dioxide or low oxygen in the blood.
Chemoreceptors
What attacks peptidoglycan cells walls of gram positive bacteria?
Saliva
What can engulf and digest pathogoens and signal to the rest of the immune system that there is an invader?
Macrophages