Respiratory and Cardio

Question 1

Describe the right atrium

Answer 1

Contains openings for SVC, IVC, coronary sinus (beside IVC)

Interatrial septum

Fossa ovalis in IA septum

Musculi pectinati (wall)

Tricuspid valve

Crista terminalis

Question 2

Describe venous drainage of the heart

Answer 2

Main veins
- great cardiac alongside ant. interventricular
- middle cardiac alongside post. interventricular
- small cardiac alongside r. marginal
ALL drain into coronary sulcus alongside circumflex

Coronary sinus –> RA

Ant cardiac veins drain directly into RA

Question 3

Describe the anatomical relations of the heart

Answer 3

Ant; sternum, cc 4-7, ant edges lungs and pleural thymic remnants

Post; oesophagus, desc aorta, thoracic vertebrae 5-8

Lat; lungs, phrenic nerve

Inf; central tendon of diaphragm

Question 4

Main arteries of upper limb

Answer 4

Subclavian from aortic arch becomes axillary

Axillary - brachial - radial and ulnar divisions at cubital fossa - palmar arches - digital arteries

Question 5

Describe the left atrium

Answer 5

openings for L&R pulm veins

Bicuspid valve

Smooth walled, small chamber

Question 6

Superficial veins of lower limb

Answer 6

Long saphenous up medially (into femoral)

Short saphenous up posteriorly (int popliteal)

popliteal becomes femoral proximally, femoral becomes ext iliac

Superficial veins drain to deep veins

Question 7

Describe lymphatic drainage of chest wall

Answer 7

Most of body; thoracic duct to left subclavian v

RUQ; right lymphatic duct to right subclavian vein

Question 8

Describe partitioning of primordial heart

Answer 8

around 27th and 37th days

1. endocardial cushion forms separating RAV opening from LAV opening, L&R AV canals
2. septum formation separates RA from LA, RV from LV

Question 9

Transposition of great vessels

Answer 9

Common cause cyanotic disease newborns

ASD and VSD assoc.

Causes

• failure of aorticopulmonary septum to take spiral course
• defective migration of neural crest cells

Question 10

fate of umbilical arteries

Answer 10

Before birth paired branches of dorsal aorta to placenta

After birth

• prox portion persists as internal iliac and superior vesical branches
• distal portion degenerates to form medial umbilical ligaments

Question 11

Fate of vitelline arteries

Answer 11

In embryo supply yolk sac

in adult

• coeliac artery of foregut
• SMA of midgut
• IMA of hindgut

Question 12

Fate of foetal veins

Answer 12

Vitelline vein; portal vein, hepatocardiac part of IVC, liver sinusoids, SMV

Umbilical; right degenerates completely, left obliterates to form ligamentum teres

cardinal veins; form vena cava system