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CVRH Exam 3 > Respiratory Acid and Bases > Flashcards

Respiratory Acid and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

When is an acid-base disorder termed “respiratory”?

A

When caused by abnormal respiratory function (PaCO2)

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2
Q

When is an acid-base disorder termed “metabolic”?

A

When the primary change is attributed to [HCO3-]

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3
Q

What occurs in hyperventilation?

A

Decreased HCO3- respiratory alkalosis

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4
Q

What occurs in hypoventilation?

A

Increased HCO3- respiratory acidosis

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5
Q

What is the equation we are dealing with in respiratory acidosis/alkalosis?

A

CO2 + H2O HCO3- + H+

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6
Q

What are the chemical buffers in the blood?

A

HCO3
Hb
Proteins
Phosphates

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7
Q

Simple respiratory acidosis profile?

A

low pH, high PaCO2, high [HCO3]

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8
Q

Simple metabolic acidosis profile?

A

low pH, low PaCO2, low [HCO3]

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9
Q

Simple respiratory alkalosis profile?

A

high pH, low PaCO2, low [HCO3]

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10
Q

Simple metabolic alkalosis profile?

A

high pH, high PaCO2, high [HCO3]

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11
Q

What does diarrhea cause?

A

A decrease in [HCO3]

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12
Q

What range does a good blood buffer work?

A

5.1-7.1

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13
Q

Respiratory and metabolic acidosis profile?

A

low pH, high PaCO2, low [HCO3]

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14
Q

Respiratory and metabolic alkalosis profile?

A

high pH, low PaCO2, high [HCO3]

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15
Q

How does the kidney compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

A

Decreasing H+ excretion and decreased retention of filtered HCO3-

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16
Q

How long does it take for renal compensation to occur?

A

3-6 days

17
Q

Average blood pH?

A

7.41

18
Q

Average level of [HCO3]

A

22-26mEq/L

19
Q

How is serum anion gap calculated?

A

Na-(Cl+HCO3)

20
Q

What is the average serum anion gap?

A

12mEq/L

6-16mEq/L

21
Q

What is SAG used as?

A

A differential diagnosis for metabolic acidosis

22
Q

Why is SAG elevated in metabolic acidosis increased?

A

Due to overproduction or decreased excretion of acid

23
Q

What is hypercholoremic metabolic acidosis?

A

When HCO3 decreases but the Cl- will compensate leading to no change in SAG

24
Q

What occurs to HCO3 in hypercholoremic acidosis?

A

HCO3 is excreted in the gastro-intestinal tract

25
Q

What do the isobars on a Davenport diagram depict?

A

PaCO2 is constant

26
Q

What are the axis on davenport diagram?

A

X-axis: pH decreasing towards (0,0)

Y-axis: HCO3- decreasing towards (0,0)

27
Q

What happens to Davenport diagram in respiratory disorders?

A

It jumps a new isobar

28
Q

What happens to Davenport diagram in metabolic disorders?

A

It stays on the same isobar simply moves up or down on the same isobar

CVRH Exam 3 (10 decks)

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