Respiratory Acid and Bases Flashcards
When is an acid-base disorder termed “respiratory”?
When caused by abnormal respiratory function (PaCO2)
When is an acid-base disorder termed “metabolic”?
When the primary change is attributed to [HCO3-]
What occurs in hyperventilation?
Decreased HCO3- respiratory alkalosis
What occurs in hypoventilation?
Increased HCO3- respiratory acidosis
What is the equation we are dealing with in respiratory acidosis/alkalosis?
CO2 + H2O HCO3- + H+
What are the chemical buffers in the blood?
HCO3
Hb
Proteins
Phosphates
Simple respiratory acidosis profile?
low pH, high PaCO2, high [HCO3]
Simple metabolic acidosis profile?
low pH, low PaCO2, low [HCO3]
Simple respiratory alkalosis profile?
high pH, low PaCO2, low [HCO3]
Simple metabolic alkalosis profile?
high pH, high PaCO2, high [HCO3]
What does diarrhea cause?
A decrease in [HCO3]
What range does a good blood buffer work?
5.1-7.1
Respiratory and metabolic acidosis profile?
low pH, high PaCO2, low [HCO3]
Respiratory and metabolic alkalosis profile?
high pH, low PaCO2, high [HCO3]
How does the kidney compensate for respiratory alkalosis?
Decreasing H+ excretion and decreased retention of filtered HCO3-
How long does it take for renal compensation to occur?
3-6 days
Average blood pH?
7.41
Average level of [HCO3]
22-26mEq/L
How is serum anion gap calculated?
Na-(Cl+HCO3)
What is the average serum anion gap?
12mEq/L
6-16mEq/L
What is SAG used as?
A differential diagnosis for metabolic acidosis
Why is SAG elevated in metabolic acidosis increased?
Due to overproduction or decreased excretion of acid
What is hypercholoremic metabolic acidosis?
When HCO3 decreases but the Cl- will compensate leading to no change in SAG
What occurs to HCO3 in hypercholoremic acidosis?
HCO3 is excreted in the gastro-intestinal tract
