Obstructive and Restrictive Diseases of the Lungs

Question 1

What are the general obstructive pulmonary disorders?

Answer 1

Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma

Question 2

What are the general restrictive pulmonary disorders?

Answer 2

Fibrosis
Chest wall defects
Neuromuscular defects (diaphragm)

Question 3

What are the conducting zones?

Answer 3

Where air passes through but does not interact with gas exchange (0-16 zones)

Question 4

What are respiratory zones?

Answer 4

Where gas exchange takes place (17-23 zones)

Question 5

Which zones do restrictive processes affect?

Answer 5

Respiratory zones

Question 6

Which zones do obstructive processes affect?

Answer 6

Both Respiratory (emphysema) and Conducting (Asthma, chronic bronchitis)

Question 7

Which disease is barrel-chested (increased AP diameter) associated with?

Answer 7

Emphysema

Question 8

What is cor pulmonary?

Answer 8

Heart failure due to the lungs ex. right-sided failure/RV hypertrophy due to increased pulmonic resistance

Question 9

What do interstitial disease processes affect?

Answer 9

Collagen, elastic fibers, mesenchymal cells, inflammatory cells

Question 10

What is centriacinar?

Answer 10

Distal alveoli are sparred the damaged is done more central

Question 11

What is panacinar?

Answer 11

Entire alveoli are damaged

Question 12

Normal FEV1/FCV?

Answer 12

.80

Question 13

What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 13

Smoking, air pollutants

Question 14

What is the cause of emphysema?

Answer 14

Smoking

Question 15

What are the signs/symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 15

Cough, sputum production

Pink puffer

Question 16

What are the signs/symptoms of emphysema?

Answer 16

Dyspnea (labored breathing)

Blue bloater

Question 17

What is distal acinar?

Answer 17

Occurs near the ends of the alveoli; causes blebs that can burst and give pneumothorax

Question 18

What type of disease does smoking typically lead to?

Answer 18

Centriacinar because the pollutants can not make it far enough down to be panacinar

Question 19

What typically causes panacinar disorders?

Answer 19

Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency

Question 20

What typically causes centriacinar disorders?

Answer 20

Heavy smoking

Question 21

How does alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency come about?

Answer 21

Smoking causes inflammation bringing more neutrophils to the area and release proteases and elastases

Question 22

Earliest feature of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 22

Mucus hypersecretion

Question 23

Definition of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 23

Persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years, in the absence of any other identifiable cause

Question 24

What are interstitial lung disease?

Answer 24

Diseases in the interstitial lung space

Question 25

What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Answer 25

Progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure

Question 26

What are the signs/symptoms of IPF?

Answer 26

Dry cough
Hypoxemia
Cyanosis
Digital clubbing

Question 27

What are the morphologic features of IPF?

Answer 27

Honeycombing

Question 28

What occurs during prolonged exercise?

Answer 28

Shift from carbohydrates to fat metabolism

Question 29

What occurs during an increase in intensity of exercise?

Answer 29

There is a shift more towards carbs and away from fats