Respiratory Flashcards
what are the functions of the nose?
warms and humidifies inspired air
filters inspired air of pathogens using cilia in nose which trap particulates
defence function - cilia take inhaled particulates backwards to be swallowed
what do cilia in the nose do?
trap particulates, then take inhaled particulates backwards to be swallowed
where do the anterior nares open into?
enlarged vestibule (skin lined and has stiff hairs)
what do turbinates do? what do they create?
SA of nose is doubled
superior, middle and inferior meatuses
what is the superior meatus?
has olfactory epithelium
olfactory nerve penetrates into superior meatus through pores in the cribriform plate
sphenoid sinus drains here
what is the middle meatus?
more sinuses drain here
what is the inferior meatus?
nasolacrimal duct drains here
what are paranasal sinuses?
pneumatised areas of the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid bones
arranged in pairs
what are pneumatised areas?
a bone that is hollow or contains many air cells
where are the frontal sinuses?
within frontal bone
lie over orbit
what is the innervation of the frontal sinuses?
opthalamic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve (CNV)
where are the maxillary sinuses? what is their shape?
body of the maxilla
pyramidal shape
what is the innervation of the maxillary sinus?
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2)
what is the base, apex, roof and floor of the maxillary sinus?
lateral wall of nose
zygomatic process of the maxilla
floor of the orbit
alveolar process
where do the maxillary sinuses open into?
middle meatus at the hiatus semilunaris, underneath the frontal sinus opening
how are the frontal sinuses shaped?
triangularly
where do the frontal sinuses drain?
nasal cavity via the frontonasal duct, which opens out at the hiatus semilunaris on the lateral wall
what ethmoidal sinuses are there? where do they empty?
anterior: hiatus semilunaris
middle: ethmoid bulla
posterior: superior meatus
where are ethmoid sinuses located?
between the eyes
labyrinth of air cells
what is the innervation of ethmoid sinuses?
opthalamic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve
where do ethmoid sinuses open into?
middle meatus
where are sphenoid sinuses located?
medial to cavernous sinus
inferior to optic canal, dura and pituitary gland
v close to pituitary gland
what does the cavernous sinus contain?
internal carotid artery, oculomotor nerve, trochlear, trigeminal and abducens
where does the sphenoid sinus empty into?
sphenoethmoidal recess, lateral to attachment of the nasal septum
what is the innervation of the sphenoid sinuses?
opthalamic branch of trigeminal nerve
what is the pharynx?
fibromuscular tube which takes filtered air from the nose to the larynx
skull base to C6
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
what is the pharynx lined by?
squamous and columnar ciliated epithelium
