Prescribing Flashcards
what is the FP10? what does it do?
prescription - FP10 is green and is used by GPs for prescriptions in England
who can issue an FP10?
GP, nurse, pharmacist prescriber, supplementary prescriber, dentist, hospital doctor
what is the FP10D?
yellow and issued by dentists
what is the FP10MDA?
blue and used for drugs such as methadone
what are the FP10P, PN, SP or CNs?
purple or green forms used by prescribers e.g. nurses or pharmacists
what is the minimum information required for a legal prescription for a non-controlled drug?
signature - include initials, forenames, surname
prescriber’s address - practice address. usually pre-printed on the FP10. contain a number to identify the prescriber
date - date prescriber signed prescription or date before which it should not be dispensed
patient details - name and address must be given, format not specified. title. age/DOB
information about product - name of product in CAPITALS, dose, number of times per day, with/without food, number of tablets, days of treatment
what does the patient do with the FP10 and what payment is made?
taken to any chemist/pharmacy in England
unless patient has an exemption, it’s £8.40 for each different item/brand - more than one of the same thing costs £8.40 in total
how much of the drug warfarin is bound to plasma proteins and how much is freely dissolved in plasma? which is responsible for the action of the drug?
99% of warfarin is bound to plasma proteins and 1% is free in plasma
only free warfarin is responsible for action
what happens if tamoxifen is given to a patient taking warfarin?
increases the effect of warfarin - increases the risk of bleeding by an unknown mechanism
what is the active metabolite of tamoxifen? what does it do?
4-hydroxytamoxifen
competitively binds to the intracellular oestrogen receptor
what is competitive binding?
the inhibition of enzyme activity/receptor/substrate activity that results from an alternate compound binding reversibly to the site on an enzyme/receptor where the substrate would normally bind
what different routes can be used to administer drugs to a patient?
oral (po) intravenous (iv) rectal (pr) subcutaneous (sc) intramuscular (im) intranasal (in) topical (top) sublingual (sl) inhaled (inh) nebulised (neb)
what is the route of administration for salbutamol?
inhaled, nebulised, oral and intravenous
what is the route of administration for clenin modulate?
inhaled
what is the route of administration for paracetamol?
oral, rectal and intravenous
what is the route of administration for diclofenac?
oral, rectal, topical
what is the route of administration for Ramipril?
oral
what is the route of administration for Bendroflumethiazide?
oral
what is the route of administration of amlodipine?
oral
what is the route of administration for lansoprazole?
oral
why are salbutamol and clenil modulate administered by inhalation?
to avoid first pass metabolism
so that drug gets directly to the small airways where it will exert its effects
what is first pass metabolism?
concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation. It is the fraction of drug lost during the process of absorption which is generally related to the liver and gut wall
what does GTN do?
drug used to vasodilate the coronary arteries
increases blood supply to the heart to reduce risk of myocardial damage and treat myocardial pain (angina)
what does GTN stand for?
glyceryl trinitrate
how is GTN administered?
sublingual and transdermal
why is GTN not used orally?
absorbed by GI tract after being swallowed, enters hepatic portal system
first pass through liver can substantially reduce bioavailability of GTN
drugs absorbed through mucosa of mouth or through skin directly enter the systemic circulation
what does PRN stand for?
pro Re Nata - as needed
what is bioavailability of a drug?
extent and rate at which the active moiety (drug or metabolite) enters systemic circulation, thereby accessing the site of action.
