Prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

what is the FP10? what does it do?

A

prescription - FP10 is green and is used by GPs for prescriptions in England

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2
Q

who can issue an FP10?

A

GP, nurse, pharmacist prescriber, supplementary prescriber, dentist, hospital doctor

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3
Q

what is the FP10D?

A

yellow and issued by dentists

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4
Q

what is the FP10MDA?

A

blue and used for drugs such as methadone

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5
Q

what are the FP10P, PN, SP or CNs?

A

purple or green forms used by prescribers e.g. nurses or pharmacists

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6
Q

what is the minimum information required for a legal prescription for a non-controlled drug?

A

signature - include initials, forenames, surname

prescriber’s address - practice address. usually pre-printed on the FP10. contain a number to identify the prescriber

date - date prescriber signed prescription or date before which it should not be dispensed

patient details - name and address must be given, format not specified. title. age/DOB

information about product - name of product in CAPITALS, dose, number of times per day, with/without food, number of tablets, days of treatment

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7
Q

what does the patient do with the FP10 and what payment is made?

A

taken to any chemist/pharmacy in England

unless patient has an exemption, it’s £8.40 for each different item/brand - more than one of the same thing costs £8.40 in total

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8
Q

how much of the drug warfarin is bound to plasma proteins and how much is freely dissolved in plasma? which is responsible for the action of the drug?

A

99% of warfarin is bound to plasma proteins and 1% is free in plasma

only free warfarin is responsible for action

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9
Q

what happens if tamoxifen is given to a patient taking warfarin?

A

increases the effect of warfarin - increases the risk of bleeding by an unknown mechanism

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10
Q

what is the active metabolite of tamoxifen? what does it do?

A

4-hydroxytamoxifen

competitively binds to the intracellular oestrogen receptor

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11
Q

what is competitive binding?

A

the inhibition of enzyme activity/receptor/substrate activity that results from an alternate compound binding reversibly to the site on an enzyme/receptor where the substrate would normally bind

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12
Q

what different routes can be used to administer drugs to a patient?

A
oral (po)
intravenous (iv)
rectal (pr)
subcutaneous (sc)
intramuscular (im)
intranasal (in) 
topical (top)
sublingual (sl)
inhaled (inh)
nebulised (neb)
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13
Q

what is the route of administration for salbutamol?

A

inhaled, nebulised, oral and intravenous

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14
Q

what is the route of administration for clenin modulate?

A

inhaled

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15
Q

what is the route of administration for paracetamol?

A

oral, rectal and intravenous

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16
Q

what is the route of administration for diclofenac?

A

oral, rectal, topical

17
Q

what is the route of administration for Ramipril?

A

oral

18
Q

what is the route of administration for Bendroflumethiazide?

A

oral

19
Q

what is the route of administration of amlodipine?

A

oral

20
Q

what is the route of administration for lansoprazole?

A

oral

21
Q

why are salbutamol and clenil modulate administered by inhalation?

A

to avoid first pass metabolism

so that drug gets directly to the small airways where it will exert its effects

22
Q

what is first pass metabolism?

A

concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation. It is the fraction of drug lost during the process of absorption which is generally related to the liver and gut wall

23
Q

what does GTN do?

A

drug used to vasodilate the coronary arteries

increases blood supply to the heart to reduce risk of myocardial damage and treat myocardial pain (angina)

24
Q

what does GTN stand for?

A

glyceryl trinitrate

25
Q

how is GTN administered?

A

sublingual and transdermal

26
Q

why is GTN not used orally?

A

absorbed by GI tract after being swallowed, enters hepatic portal system

first pass through liver can substantially reduce bioavailability of GTN

drugs absorbed through mucosa of mouth or through skin directly enter the systemic circulation

27
Q

what does PRN stand for?

A

pro Re Nata - as needed

28
Q

what is bioavailability of a drug?

A

extent and rate at which the active moiety (drug or metabolite) enters systemic circulation, thereby accessing the site of action.