Respiratory Flashcards
What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis obliterans?
Adenovirus
What genetic defect is Ivacaftor approved for in the use of cf?
G551D heterozygotes
Class III mutation
What will the flow volume loop look like for fixed upper airway obstruction and what is an example?
Flat inspiratory curve
Reduced expiratory loop
Inspiration affected more than expiration
Suglottic stenosis
What is the key feature of pulmonary sequestration?
Has its own systemic blood supply
What are the causes of extra-thoracic obstruction (flow volume loop shows flattened inspiratory curve)
Vocal cord paralysis
Tracheomalacia
Airway burns
What should you suspect in a child presenting with chronic productive cough, constant nasal discharge, frequent ear infections
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
What should you suspect in a child presenting with dry cough, multiple episodes of croup - cough noted to be very loud
Tracheobronchomalacia
What are the risks of a child developing asthma if
- neither parent has asthma
- one parent has asthma
- both parents have asthma
- 6%
- 20%
- 60%
What is the equivalent paO2 for Hb sats of - 90% - 80% - 70 %
- 60
- 50
- 40
What is the diagnosis and the best diagnostic investigation ?
CF patient with wedge shaped consolidation on CXR
ABPA
IgE
Persistent nasal discharge
Recurrent chest infections
Bronchiectasis on CT
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Nasal brushings
What is the diagnosis and the best diagnostic tool? European girl with erythema nodosum Crackles on lungs Dry eyes Hepatomegaly
Sarcoidosis
Biopsy of gastrocnemius muscle
Serum amyloid A, ACE, IL2
Biopsy will show non caseating epithelial granuloma = highly specific and sensitive
Which cells form the gas exchange surface with capillary endothelium ?
Type 1 pneumocytes
What is the diagnosis ?
ABCA 3 mutation
Inherited Surfactant deficiency
Pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is associated with which mediator?
Endothelin 1
