Pharmacology Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of gentamicin?
Bacteriostatic
Irreversible inhibition of ribosomal binding and protein synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of Rituximab?
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody
Binds to B cells and mediates B cell lysis
Which anticonvulsant is known to cause nephrolithiasis?
Topiramate
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics?
Inhibition of protein synthesis
How do you calculate bioavailability ?
AUC (Po)/ AUC (iv) x dose (iv)/ dose (Po)
How do you calculate clearance ?
Dose / AUC
Which anti epileptic drug causes purple glove syndrome ?
Phenytoin
What drugs are p450 inhibitors ?
Sodium valproate Isoniazid Cinetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol Clarithromycin Erythromycin Sulfonamides Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole
What are the p450 inducers?
Carbemazepine Rifampicin Alcohol Phenytoin phenobarbitone Griseofulvin C Sulphonylureas
What determines loading dose?
Volume of distribution.
What determines dose rate?
Clearance
What determines dose adjustment?
Bioavailability
How do you calculate loading dose?
Volume of distribution / bioavailability x desired concentration
How do you calculate clearance?
Dose / AUC
What is a reason for clockwise hysteresis ?
Tachyphylaxis
What is a reason for anticlockwise hysteresis?
Formation of an active metabolite
What has the biggest influence on steady state ?
Clearance o
What is the definition of linear pharmacokinetics ?
Double dose will double area under the curve
What antibiotics are concentration dependent killers
Aminoglycosides
Peak conc/MIC
What antibiotics are time dependent killers?
Beta lactamases
Time / MIC
What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?
Inhibit protein synthesis
30S subunit
What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?
Inhibit protein synthesis
50S subunit
What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?
Inhibits DNA polymerase
What is the mechanism of action of rifampicin ?
Inhibits RNA polymerase
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides ?
Inhibit folate synthesis
What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Peptidoglycan matrix
Which antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?
Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Polymixins Vancomycin Teicoplanin Bleomycin
Which antibiotics inhibit folate synthesis (bacteriostatic)
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Which antibiotics inhibit RNA polymerase?
Rifampicin
Which antibiotics inhibit DNA polymerase ?
Metronidazole
Quinolones
Nitrofurantoin
Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis (50S subunit) ?
Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis (30S subunit)
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines