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Paediatrics > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of gentamicin?

A

Bacteriostatic

Irreversible inhibition of ribosomal binding and protein synthesis

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rituximab?

A

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody

Binds to B cells and mediates B cell lysis

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3
Q

Which anticonvulsant is known to cause nephrolithiasis?

A

Topiramate

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis

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5
Q

How do you calculate bioavailability ?

A

AUC (Po)/ AUC (iv) x dose (iv)/ dose (Po)

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6
Q

How do you calculate clearance ?

A

Dose / AUC

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7
Q

Which anti epileptic drug causes purple glove syndrome ?

A

Phenytoin

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8
Q

What drugs are p450 inhibitors ?

A 
Sodium valproate 
Isoniazid 
Cinetidine
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole 
Alcohol 
Clarithromycin 
Erythromycin 
Sulfonamides 
Ciprofloxacin 
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
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9
Q

What are the p450 inducers?

A 
Carbemazepine 
Rifampicin 
Alcohol 
Phenytoin phenobarbitone 
Griseofulvin 
C
Sulphonylureas
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10
Q

What determines loading dose?

A

Volume of distribution.

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11
Q

What determines dose rate?

A

Clearance

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12
Q

What determines dose adjustment?

A

Bioavailability

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13
Q

How do you calculate loading dose?

A

Volume of distribution / bioavailability x desired concentration

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14
Q

How do you calculate clearance?

A

Dose / AUC

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15
Q

What is a reason for clockwise hysteresis ?

A

Tachyphylaxis

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16
Q

What is a reason for anticlockwise hysteresis?

A

Formation of an active metabolite

17
Q

What has the biggest influence on steady state ?

A

Clearance o

18
Q

What is the definition of linear pharmacokinetics ?

A

Double dose will double area under the curve

19
Q

What antibiotics are concentration dependent killers

A

Aminoglycosides

Peak conc/MIC

20
Q

What antibiotics are time dependent killers?

A

Beta lactamases

Time / MIC

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

30S subunit

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

50S subunit

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole?

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of rifampicin ?

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides ?

A

Inhibit folate synthesis

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Peptidoglycan matrix

27
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A 
Penicillins 
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems 
Polymixins
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin 
Bleomycin
28
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit folate synthesis (bacteriostatic)

A

Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim

29
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit RNA polymerase?

A

Rifampicin

30
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit DNA polymerase ?

A

Metronidazole
Quinolones
Nitrofurantoin

31
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis (50S subunit) ?

A

Macrolides

Chloramphenicol

32
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis (30S subunit)

A

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Paediatrics (17 decks)

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