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Paediatrics > Immunology / Allergy > Flashcards

Immunology / Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 types of antigen presenting cells

A

Dendritic cells
Macrophages
B cells

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2
Q

What do antigen presenting cells present their antigen on? What class is this compared to all other cells?

A

MHC class II

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3
Q

What types of T cells recognise antigen presented on MHC class I and class II ?

A 
CD8 cells recognise class I
CD4 class II
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4
Q 
What is the most likely diagnosis: 
5 month boy 
Recurrent otitis media and pneumonia 
Absent lymph nodes and tonsils 
Low Ig for all groups 
Absent B cells
A

X linked agammaglobulinaemia

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5
Q

What is the treatment for XLA?

A

Immunoglobulin replacement
Aiming pre treatment trough IgG > 7

Intragam IV
Or
Evogam Sub cut

NB doesn’t correct IgA deficiency

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6
Q 
What is the diagnosis? 
7 yo boy
Recurrent OM, pneumonia 
Family history of antibody def 
Bloods show decreased IgG and IgA but normal IgM 
Normal T cells
A

CVID

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7
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Steven Johnson syndrome ? What are some risk factors ?

A

Type IV
Delayed

Han Chinese descent
Carbamazepine

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8
Q

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions and an example of each ?

A

Type I - IgE mediated - anaphylaxis
Type II - IgG and IgM mediated -blood transfusion reaction, drug induced haemolytic anaemia, graft rejection
Type III - immune complex mediated - goodpastures, serum sickness
Type IV - delayed, T cell mediated - SJS

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9
Q

What vaccinations contain egg and which one should not be given to children anaphylactic to egg ?

A

Influenza contains egg but only very small amount so safe

yellow fever contains more so should consult immunologist

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10
Q

What is the most commonly reported food allergy in infants and young children?

A

Cow’s milk (2.5% of < 2yr olds)
Hen’s egg 1-2%
Peanut tree nut 0.4-1.3%
Wheat 0.4-1%

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11
Q 
What is the diagnosis - 
Profuse diarrhoea from birth 
DKA on bloods 
Haemolytic anaemia
Eczema
A 
IPEX
Immune dysregulation 
Polyendocrinopathy 
Enteropathy 
X linked

Fox P 3 gene

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12
Q

What is the diagnosis?
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Hypoparathyroidism
Vitiligo

A

APECED

Autoimmune
Polyendocrinopathy
Candidiasis
Ectodermal dysplasia

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13
Q 
What is the diagnosis ? 
And what is the best diagnostic investigation ? 
Recurrent pneumonia 
Hepatic abscess 
Strep bacteraemia 
Fam hx recurrent infections
A

CGD
Chronic granulomatous disease

NAPDH deficiency
DHR test

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14
Q

What is the difference between XLA and CVID?

A

XLA no circulating B cells, lymphoid hypoplasia

CVID - presents later, more mild infections
Normal number B cells but unable to produce Immunoglobulins

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15
Q

What is the diagnosis ?
Bleeding from circumcision as a baby
Strep pneumonia sepsis
Eczema

A

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

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16
Q

What is the diagnosis?
Hypertelorism
Dysmorphic facies
Pneumatocoele

A

Hyper IgE syndrome

17
Q

What is the gold standard for food allergy testing for patients with eczema ?

A

Double blinded food challenge

Not skin prick

18
Q

Which cell relies most on release of its mediators into extracellular fluid to carry out its role?

A

Eosinophils

19
Q

What is a difference between Th2 and th1 Helper cells (interleukin)

A

Th2 secrete IL-5

20
Q

What is the transcription factor mutation in Hyper IgE ?

A

STAT3

21
Q

Which cytokine has an inactive state ?

A

IL1

22
Q

What is the main Cytokine involved in recurrent fever syndromes?

A

IL1

23
Q

Which organelle contains phox (phagocyte oxidase)

A

Phagolysosome

Within macrophage

24
Q

What organisms are GHD patients susceptible to?

A

Catalase positive
(Can’t produce superoxide enzymes)

Staph aureus 
Nocardia 
B serratia 
Salmonella 
Fungus esp aspergillus
25
Q

Which gene is responsible for encoding VDJ diversity? Mutation causes what syndrome?

A

RAG (recombinant activation gene)
Omenn
SCIDD

26
Q 
What is the syndrome ? 
Desquamation of skin 
Alopecia 
Raised IgE 
Absent B cells
A

Omenn

27
Q

Which receptor on CD4 T cell is responsible for signal transduction?

A

CD3

28
Q

What is the function of CD28 - what does it bind to ?

A

CD28 located on T cell
Binds to B7 on APC
Required for co stimulation

(CTLA 4 inactivates this)

29
Q

Deficiency of Th17 causes what disease ?

A

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Paediatrics (17 decks)

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