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Buzzwords > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

stony dull to percuss

A

pleural effusion

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2
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

likely pneumonia

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3
Q

alveolar bat wings, kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels

A

pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

ground-glass appearance on CXR

A

pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

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5
Q

Zeihl-Neelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

apical disease

A

most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion is called an Assman focus

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8
Q

positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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9
Q

chest infection with parrot/pigeon as a pet

A

caused by chlamoydophila psittaci - psittacosis

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10
Q

dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread, air conditioning

A

Legionella pneumophila (test for urine antigens)

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11
Q

tall thin young man who indulges in marijuana

A

probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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12
Q

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

A

sarcoidosis

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13
Q

bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) signet ring sign

A

bronchiectasis

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14
Q

D sign on X ray

A

empyema

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15
Q

‘steeple’ sign on x-ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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16
Q

child with barking cough

A

croup

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17
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV - treat with co-tramoxazole (plus prednisolone if severe)

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18
Q

asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s triad

19
Q

alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

20
Q

red jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

21
Q

mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

22
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

23
Q

cannonball metastases (weight loss and haematuria)

A

classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

24
Q

morning headache

A

hypercapnia or side effects from organic nitrates

25
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

26
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

27
Q

small cell carcinoma

A

neuroendocrine, highly malignant, may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

28
Q

increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

sarcoidosis

29
Q

eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

silicosis

30
Q

‘heart failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema and associated with LHF and long standing pulmonary hypertension

31
Q

Ghon focus

A

area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura - found in TB
note: Ghon focus rupture (rare) through the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity will produce tuberculous pleurisy

32
Q

Assman focus

A

apical lesion of secondary TB infection

33
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour
signs include: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face due to invasion of the cervical sympathetic chain

34
Q

Acute management of asthma

A

OSHIT MAN:

  1. Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask
  2. Salbutamol nebuliser back-to-back
  3. Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO
  4. Ipratropium Bromide nebulised hourly
  5. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV
  6. Magnesium
  7. ANaesthetist
35
Q

thumbprint sign on head xray

A

epiglottitis

36
Q

inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

perfussis

37
Q

snow storm appearance on CXR

A

baritosis, silicosis

38
Q

management of infective exacerbation of COPD:

A 
iSOAP:
ipratropium
Salbutamol
Oxygen
Amoxicillin
Prednisolone
39
Q

non-smoker with lung cancer

A

(peripheral) adenocarcinoma

40
Q

squamous and small cell lung cancers

A

central

41
Q

high d-dimers

A

suspect (not diagnose) pulmonary embolism (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)

42
Q

low d-dimers

A

exclude PE

43
Q

treatment for large PE

A

thrombolysis

44
Q

treatment for small PE

A

low molecular weight heparin

Buzzwords (13 decks)

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