Gastrointestinal Flashcards
gingival hypertrophy
gingivectomy/biting on own gums
side effect of calcium channel blockers or phenytoin
bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)
achalasia; if in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction
Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive
acute pancreatitis
causes of acute pancreatitis
GET SMASHED: Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion bites/stings Hyperlipidaemia, hyperthermia, hypercalaemia ERCP Drugs
Murphy’s sign positive
cholecystitis
pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain
biliary obstruction
abdominal distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness
portal hypertension and ascites
pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
Crohn’s/UC
tinkling bowel sounds
bowel obstruction
vesicular rash and weight loss
Coeliac disease
virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)
gastric cancer
urea breath test
H pylori
C breath test
bacterial overgrowth
‘rice water’ stools
vibrio cholera
presence of AMA (anti mitochondrial antibodies)
primary biliary cirrhosis
presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)
autoimmune hepatitis
alpha feto protein assay
hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)
cobblestone mucosa
deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa found in Crohn’s disease
diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)
spironolactone
corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow
diffuse oesophageal spasm
severe abdominal pain + diarrhoea and vomiting after raw milk
campylobacter
Russell’s sign
self induced vomiting
mallory’s hyaline bodies
alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis
crypt abscess/cryptitis
inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s
onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts
primary sclerosing cholangitis
‘signet ring’ cells seen on biopsy
linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer
thumb-printing on x-ray commonly at splenic flexure
ischaemic colitis
Charcot’s triad
acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis
causes of abdominal masses
A CHEMICAL: AAA Crohn's Hernia Enlarged organ Malignancy Intersusception Cyst/abscess Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy
causes of bowel obstruction
BATH VIPS Bolus Adhesions Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intersusception Pseudo-obstruction Stricture
