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RUSVM Small Animal Medicine 2- A > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Hallmark of upper airway diseases

A

Nasal discharge

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2
Q

Hallmark of lower airway disease

A

Cough

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3
Q

Stertor

A

Gurgling or snoring

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4
Q

Stridor

A

High pitched noise or whine usually on inspiration

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5
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing. ‘air hunger’

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6
Q

Orthopnea

A

Can only breath in upright position with elbows out

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7
Q

Brochial

A

Loudest over hilus and during expiration. ‘wind blowing’

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8
Q

Vesicular

A

Heard best on inspiration at periphery of chest.’rustling of leaves’

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9
Q

Best diagnostic tool for collapsing trachea

A

Bronchoscopy

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10
Q

4 general mechanisms of pulmonary edema

A

Vascular overload/ increased hydrostatic pressure

Decreased plasma oncotic pressure

Increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability

Lymphatic obstruction

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11
Q

Signalment: 3 YO Siamese
CC: intermittent coughing last few weeks
PE: Harsh lung sounds; otherwise normal. Which of the following is NOT indicated?

Fecal exam
Thoracic Rads
Analysis of pleural fluid
TTW

A

Analysis of pleural fluid

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12
Q

9 week old puppy presents because it has blood coming from left nostril. On exam, you find distortion to bridge of nose. Which differential should be at the top of your list?

A

Nasal trauma

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13
Q

Signalment: 4 year old cat
CC: intermittent coughing. Now has open mouth breathing; audible wheezing.
PE: stressed cat; cyanotic; confirmed open mouth breathing
Which diagnostic test would be the worst idea at this time?

A

Get thoracic rads

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14
Q

For the last case, (4 year old cat with intermittent coughing. Now open mouth
breathing & audible wheezing; cyanotic), you ausculted abnormal lung sounds but
thoracic radiographs were normal. Which diagnoses would
still be most likely?

A

Idiopathic feline

bronchitis (asthma)

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15
Q

For the last case, if it was feline asthma, which of the following
would most likely be administered in an emergency situation?

A

Oxygen, terbutaline and dexamethasone

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16
Q

The local humane society has an outbreak of upper respiratory signs in
dogs. One dog was coughing up blood and died overnight. Which
disease would you be most concerned about?

A

Influenza Type A H3N8

17
Q

How does cardiogenic pulmonary edema differ from noncardiogenic
pulmonary edema?

A

Etiology

18
Q

16 month old maltese terrier
At 4 months old: snotty nose
At 10 months: coughing; suspected kennel cough; successfully treated
At 12 months: bacterial rhinitis
Now: crackles on auscultation; T = 40 C. Air bronchograms
What disease best explains all these signs?

A

Ciliary dyskinesia

19
Q

A 5 year old shepherd x has been diagnosed with lymphocytic
plasmacytic rhinitis. Which of the following does NOT FIT?

A. Eye discharge
B. Unilateral nasal
discharge
C. Bilateral nasal
discharge
D. Facial distortion
E. Sneezing, reverse
sneezing
Eye discharge
Unilateral
A

Facial distortion

20
Q

A 12 year old lab:
CC: unilateral nasal discharge x 3 months. Started out mucoid, now is bloody.
Which of the following diagnostics is the best to start with?

A

Test for nasal

passage obstruction

21
Q

A 2 year old lab
CC: coughing.
PE: enlarged popliteal & axillary lymph nodes; anterior unveitis
Which of the following diagnostics is NOT indicated at this time for this
case?

A. Lymph node aspirate
B. Lung aspiration
C. TTW or BAL cytology
D. Thoracic radiographs

A

B. Lung aspiration

22
Q

Which of the following is least likely to cause an eosinophilia in a
cat with coughing?

  1. Toxoplasmosis
  2. Feline asthma
  3. Aleurostrongylus
  4. Chronic bronchitis
  5. Lungworms
A

Chronic bronchitis

23
Q

A 12 year old poodle presents because of a dry hacking cough. You
pinch on trachea and a ‘goose honk’ cough occurs. What can you
conclude?

A

This is likely tracheal

collapse

24
Q

What best describes the meaning of increased

or harsh bronchovesicular sounds?

A

There may be underlying

lung disease

25
Q

Which of the following is most likely to produce audible
gurgling or snoring sounds?

A. Nasal passage
obstruction
B. Laryngeal paralysis
C. Fluid accumulation in
lungs (pulmonary
edema)
D. Bronchial constriction
A

A. Nasal passage

obstruction

26
Q

A 10 year old pointer has had left sided nasal discharge x 3 months. Discharge
is now slightly bloody. When you put a wisp of cotton in front of left nasal
passage, there is no movement of the cotton compared to right where cotton
moves. This is most compatible with

A. Aspergillus
B. Nasal foreign body
C. Neoplasia
D. Ciliary dyskinesia
E. Lymphocytic
plasmacytic rhinitis
A

Neoplasia

27
Q

Bacterial pneumonia can not result in

a nasal discharge.

A

False

28
Q

Where are bronchial sounds the

loudest?

A

Over the hilar area

29
Q

Where are vesicular sounds heard the

best?

A

In the peripheral

lung field

30
Q

Which of the following is best treatment for
nasal aspergillus?

A. Oral fluconazole or
itraconazole and local
clotrimazole infusion
B. Local infusion of itraconazole
C. Nasal flushing with
ketaconazole
D. Debridement followed by
local clotrimazole infusion
A

D. Debridement followed by local clotrimazole infusion

31
Q

Which of the following is a concurrent
significant feature of tracheal collapse cases?

A. Recurrent urinary
tract infections
B. Cardiomyopathy
C. Splenomegaly
D. Abnormal liver
function
E. Cushing’s disease
A

D. Abnormal liver

function

32
Q

Which of the following has the best prognosis?

A. 7 year old dog with medium sized
left lung lobe consolidated mass
B. 10 year old dog with multifocal
masses of different sizes within
most lung lobes
C. 5 year old dog with hilar lymph
node enlargement and a single
small mass in right middle lung
lobe
D. 4 year old dog with peripheral
lymphadenopathy and 2 different
sized masses in left lung lobe
A

A. 7 year old dog with medium sized

left lung lobe consolidated mass

33
Q

Which of the following group of diseases has been
associated with heartworm disease?

A. Pulmonary
thromboembolism &
eosinophilic
bronchopneumopathy
B. Idiopathic interstitial
fibrosis & acute lung
injury
C. Non-cardiogenic
pulmonary edema &
mycotic pneumonia
D. Chronic bronchitis &
ARDS
A

A. Pulmonary
thromboembolism &
eosinophilic
bronchopneumopathy

34
Q

Which of the following would be used to
retrieve material from the lower airways?

A. Thoracocentesis
B. Transtracheal
wash/aspirate
C. Chest tube
D. Transthoracic lung
aspirate
A

Transtracheal

wash/aspirate

35
Q

A 2 year old lab is coughing. It has enlarged popliteal & axillary
lymph nodes. There is a toe nail infection. Thoracic rads show a
diffuse nodular pattern. Which of the following diagnostics is NOT
indicated for this case?

A. Lymph node
aspirate
B. Rhinoscopy
C. Urine antigen test
for fungal disease
D. Lung aspiration
E. TTW or BAL cytology
A

Rhinoscopy

36
Q

A 3 year old shepherd is coughing. It has enlarged popliteal &
axillary lymph nodes. There is a toe nail infection. Thoracic
rads show a diffuse nodular pattern. How would you get a
diagnosis?

A 
A. Lymph node aspirate
B. Lung aspirate
C. Urine antigen titer to
fungal disease in your area
D. Cytology of toenail
infection
E. TTW or BAL

RUSVM Small Animal Medicine 2- A (8 decks)

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