Respiratory Flashcards
Hallmark of upper airway diseases
Nasal discharge
Hallmark of lower airway disease
Cough
Stertor
Gurgling or snoring
Stridor
High pitched noise or whine usually on inspiration
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing. ‘air hunger’
Orthopnea
Can only breath in upright position with elbows out
Brochial
Loudest over hilus and during expiration. ‘wind blowing’
Vesicular
Heard best on inspiration at periphery of chest.’rustling of leaves’
Best diagnostic tool for collapsing trachea
Bronchoscopy
4 general mechanisms of pulmonary edema
Vascular overload/ increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
Increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability
Lymphatic obstruction
Signalment: 3 YO Siamese
CC: intermittent coughing last few weeks
PE: Harsh lung sounds; otherwise normal. Which of the following is NOT indicated?
Fecal exam
Thoracic Rads
Analysis of pleural fluid
TTW
Analysis of pleural fluid
9 week old puppy presents because it has blood coming from left nostril. On exam, you find distortion to bridge of nose. Which differential should be at the top of your list?
Nasal trauma
Signalment: 4 year old cat
CC: intermittent coughing. Now has open mouth breathing; audible wheezing.
PE: stressed cat; cyanotic; confirmed open mouth breathing
Which diagnostic test would be the worst idea at this time?
Get thoracic rads
For the last case, (4 year old cat with intermittent coughing. Now open mouth
breathing & audible wheezing; cyanotic), you ausculted abnormal lung sounds but
thoracic radiographs were normal. Which diagnoses would
still be most likely?
Idiopathic feline
bronchitis (asthma)
For the last case, if it was feline asthma, which of the following
would most likely be administered in an emergency situation?
Oxygen, terbutaline and dexamethasone
The local humane society has an outbreak of upper respiratory signs in
dogs. One dog was coughing up blood and died overnight. Which
disease would you be most concerned about?
Influenza Type A H3N8
How does cardiogenic pulmonary edema differ from noncardiogenic
pulmonary edema?
Etiology
16 month old maltese terrier
At 4 months old: snotty nose
At 10 months: coughing; suspected kennel cough; successfully treated
At 12 months: bacterial rhinitis
Now: crackles on auscultation; T = 40 C. Air bronchograms
What disease best explains all these signs?
Ciliary dyskinesia
A 5 year old shepherd x has been diagnosed with lymphocytic
plasmacytic rhinitis. Which of the following does NOT FIT?
A. Eye discharge B. Unilateral nasal discharge C. Bilateral nasal discharge D. Facial distortion E. Sneezing, reverse sneezing Eye discharge Unilateral
Facial distortion
A 12 year old lab:
CC: unilateral nasal discharge x 3 months. Started out mucoid, now is bloody.
Which of the following diagnostics is the best to start with?
Test for nasal
passage obstruction
A 2 year old lab
CC: coughing.
PE: enlarged popliteal & axillary lymph nodes; anterior unveitis
Which of the following diagnostics is NOT indicated at this time for this
case?
A. Lymph node aspirate
B. Lung aspiration
C. TTW or BAL cytology
D. Thoracic radiographs
B. Lung aspiration
Which of the following is least likely to cause an eosinophilia in a
cat with coughing?
- Toxoplasmosis
- Feline asthma
- Aleurostrongylus
- Chronic bronchitis
- Lungworms
Chronic bronchitis
A 12 year old poodle presents because of a dry hacking cough. You
pinch on trachea and a ‘goose honk’ cough occurs. What can you
conclude?
This is likely tracheal
collapse
What best describes the meaning of increased
or harsh bronchovesicular sounds?
There may be underlying
lung disease
Which of the following is most likely to produce audible
gurgling or snoring sounds?
A. Nasal passage obstruction B. Laryngeal paralysis C. Fluid accumulation in lungs (pulmonary edema) D. Bronchial constriction
A. Nasal passage
obstruction
A 10 year old pointer has had left sided nasal discharge x 3 months. Discharge
is now slightly bloody. When you put a wisp of cotton in front of left nasal
passage, there is no movement of the cotton compared to right where cotton
moves. This is most compatible with
A. Aspergillus B. Nasal foreign body C. Neoplasia D. Ciliary dyskinesia E. Lymphocytic plasmacytic rhinitis
Neoplasia
Bacterial pneumonia can not result in
a nasal discharge.
False
Where are bronchial sounds the
loudest?
Over the hilar area
Where are vesicular sounds heard the
best?
In the peripheral
lung field
Which of the following is best treatment for
nasal aspergillus?
A. Oral fluconazole or itraconazole and local clotrimazole infusion B. Local infusion of itraconazole C. Nasal flushing with ketaconazole D. Debridement followed by local clotrimazole infusion
D. Debridement followed by local clotrimazole infusion
Which of the following is a concurrent
significant feature of tracheal collapse cases?
A. Recurrent urinary tract infections B. Cardiomyopathy C. Splenomegaly D. Abnormal liver function E. Cushing’s disease
D. Abnormal liver
function
Which of the following has the best prognosis?
A. 7 year old dog with medium sized left lung lobe consolidated mass B. 10 year old dog with multifocal masses of different sizes within most lung lobes C. 5 year old dog with hilar lymph node enlargement and a single small mass in right middle lung lobe D. 4 year old dog with peripheral lymphadenopathy and 2 different sized masses in left lung lobe
A. 7 year old dog with medium sized
left lung lobe consolidated mass
Which of the following group of diseases has been
associated with heartworm disease?
A. Pulmonary thromboembolism & eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy B. Idiopathic interstitial fibrosis & acute lung injury C. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema & mycotic pneumonia D. Chronic bronchitis & ARDS
A. Pulmonary
thromboembolism &
eosinophilic
bronchopneumopathy
Which of the following would be used to
retrieve material from the lower airways?
A. Thoracocentesis B. Transtracheal wash/aspirate C. Chest tube D. Transthoracic lung aspirate
Transtracheal
wash/aspirate
A 2 year old lab is coughing. It has enlarged popliteal & axillary
lymph nodes. There is a toe nail infection. Thoracic rads show a
diffuse nodular pattern. Which of the following diagnostics is NOT
indicated for this case?
A. Lymph node aspirate B. Rhinoscopy C. Urine antigen test for fungal disease D. Lung aspiration E. TTW or BAL cytology
Rhinoscopy
A 3 year old shepherd is coughing. It has enlarged popliteal &
axillary lymph nodes. There is a toe nail infection. Thoracic
rads show a diffuse nodular pattern. How would you get a
diagnosis?
A. Lymph node aspirate B. Lung aspirate C. Urine antigen titer to fungal disease in your area D. Cytology of toenail infection E. TTW or BAL
