Opthamology Flashcards
Name the topical anesthetic
Proparacaine
Name the topical mydriatic
Tropicamide
*Define photopic
Bright exam
What is bupthalmia?
Big eyes from increased intraocular pressure

What is micropthalmia?
Eyes Smaller than normal

What is Stabismus?
Cross eyed

What is enophthalmos?
Eyes are sunken in

What is exopthalmus?
Eyes that stick out!!!

Cranial nerves for menace response?
2 and 7
Cranial nerves for dazzle reflex
2 and 7
Cranial nerves for pupillary light reflex?
2 and parasympathetic 3
Also assesses retina, iris sphincter and mid-brain
Cranial nerves for palpebral reflex
5, 7 and obicularis oculi
Cranial Nerves for the vestibulo-ocular refelx
3, 4, 6 and 8
Three ocular diagnostic tests in order
- STT
- Fluorescein Stain
- Tonometry
Normals for STT
Dog- >15mm/min
Cat >5 mmm/min
Indetion tonometer
Schiotz
Applination tonometer
Tonopen
Rebound tonometer
TonoVet
Normal IOP
10-25 mm Hg
How long does tropicamide last?
6-8 hours
Hyphema
Blood in anterior chamber
Hypopyon
Pus in the anterior chamber
Enucleation
Remove only the globe
Exteneration
Remove globe and orbital contents
Clinical signs of glaucoma
Dilation of pupil
corneal edema
Lens luxation or sub-luxation
vision loss
buphthalmus
Signs of acute glaucoma
Unilateral
Red, cloudy painful eye
GLOBE IS NOT ENLARGED!
Signs of chronic glaucoma
Blind
Buphthalmic
No PLR
Haab’s Striae
Retinal and optic nerve degeneration
This dog was HBC, what is this?

Proptosis
For most proptosed eyes, what treatment will be most likely needed
Temporary tarsorrhaphy (lateral canthotomy may also be needed)
What is not a finding of acute glaucoma?
Cloudy cornea
Blindness
Buphthalmia
‘Red’ eye
‘painful’ eye
Buphthalmia
Glaucoma can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT
Intraocular neoplasia
Lens luxation
Uveitis
Abnormal iridocorneal angle
optic nerve atropy
Optic nerve atropy
Treatment of an acute glaucoma case will involve all of the following except
Atropine
Oral carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Topical Miotic
Mannitol
Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Atropine
Which of the following is not a cause of secondary glaucoma?
Intraocular neoplasia
Lens Luxation
Uveitis
Abnormal pectinate ligaments
Abnormal pectinate ligaments
A 5 year old pug dog was restrained too much and the left eye popped out (proptosed) 2 minutes ago. What are two possible treatments?
Latheral canthotomy and temporary tarsorrhaphy
Dermoid
Haired skin on the surface of the eye
Ankyloblepharon
Fused eyelids
Symblepharon
Adhesion of conjunctiva to itself or the cornea
Eyelid agenesis
absence of part of the eyelid
Entropion
Inward rolling of the lids
Ectropion
Eversion of the lower lid; exposes the conjunctival surface
Euryplepharon
large palperbral fissure
Lagophthalmos
Can’t close eyes completely
Trichiasis
Normal hairs contacting cornea
Distichiasis
Aberrant cilia erupt from Meibomian gland
Ectopic cillia
Aberrant cilia grows from tarsal gland grows through palperal conjunctiva
Blepharitis
Red, discharge, pruritus
Blepharedema
Non-specific eyelid swelling
Chalazion (meibomian gland cyst)
Not painful. Comes to a head on the inside of the lid
Hordeolum or Stye
Painful and comes to a head on the outside of the lid
Eyelid tumors in dogs
Meibomian gland adenoma
Eyelid tumors in cat
Squamous cell carcinoma- often malignant
5 layers of the cornea
- Tear film
- Epithelium
- Stroma
- Descemet’s membrane
- Posterior epithelium
What are the signs of corneal disease
Epiphora
Blepharospasm
Photophobia
Conjunctival Hyperemia
Corneal Edema
Scratching at eye
A 3 year old dog has ocular discharge OU. STT values: <5 OU. Which of the following is least likely etiology of this dogs signs?
Immune mediated lymphocytic plasmacytic lacriminal gland infiltrate
Tetracycline reaction
Damage to CN 5 or 7
Etogesic administraion
Tetracycline reaction- Sulfa drugs cause KCS
What is this?

Distichiasis
What is the best way to surgically manage ‘cherry eye’
Surgically replace the gland
Which layer of the cornea is the thickest?
Stroma
5 YO terrier. Owner says eye is red. OD exam findings: cloudy cornea, blepharospasm, injected sclera, red conjunctiva, abscent menace. What would be your first consideration?
Acute glaucoma
What is this?

Descemetocele
Which test would you not do?

STT
Tonopen IOP
Shiotz IOP
What is you biggest concern with this?

That iris prolapse will occur
Incipient cateract
No change in vision
Immature cateract
Vision affected if bilateral
may not see fundus
Mature cateract
Can’t see fundus
if bilateral= blind
Totally opaque lens
Hypermature cateract
Shrinkage due to reabsorbtion of outer lens material
reduced size over all
partial vision may return
May induce uveitis
may predispose to retinal detachment
Aqueous flair is the hallmark of what disease?
Uveitis
Which of the following ulcers is treated with grid ketatotomy?
Deep corneal Ulcer
Superficial corneal ulcer
Non-healing superficial ulcer
Descetocele
Melting corneal ulcer
Non-healing superficial ulcer
What type of cateracts are caused by DM in dogs?
Intumescent
Why do dogs get cateracts?
Sorbitol can’s get out of lens and takes on water
This cat had a prior corneal injury, what is this most likely

Sequestrum
What diagnostic test is most indicated?

Blood pressure
What is the most common clinical sign of retinal disease?
Vision loss
Diagnosis?

Retinal dysplasia
What is the diagnosis if blindness was gradual in onset?

PRA
8 YO dog, Acutely blind. Dilated pupils without any response to strong light. Normal IOP, STT, neg fluoro. Fundic exam is normal. Best guess?
SARDS
8 YO dog. Acutely blind. Normal sized pupils that have good response to strong light. Normal IOP, STT, neg fluoro. Fundic examis normal. Best guess?
Cortical Blindness
What can occur when cats are given enrofloxacin?
Retinal degenertion
How does one differentiate active from inactive chorioretinitis?
Description of edges