Opthamology Flashcards
1
Q
Name the topical anesthetic
A
Proparacaine
2
Q
Name the topical mydriatic
A
Tropicamide
3
Q
*Define photopic
A
Bright exam
4
Q
What is bupthalmia?
A
Big eyes from increased intraocular pressure
5
Q
What is micropthalmia?
A
Eyes Smaller than normal
6
Q
What is Stabismus?
A
Cross eyed
7
Q
What is enophthalmos?
A
Eyes are sunken in
8
Q
What is exopthalmus?
A
Eyes that stick out!!!
9
Q
Cranial nerves for menace response?
A
2 and 7
10
Q
Cranial nerves for dazzle reflex
A
2 and 7
11
Q
Cranial nerves for pupillary light reflex?
A
2 and parasympathetic 3
Also assesses retina, iris sphincter and mid-brain
12
Q
Cranial nerves for palpebral reflex
A
5, 7 and obicularis oculi
13
Q
Cranial Nerves for the vestibulo-ocular refelx
A
3, 4, 6 and 8
14
Q
Three ocular diagnostic tests in order
A
- STT
- Fluorescein Stain
- Tonometry
15
Q
Normals for STT
A
Dog- >15mm/min
Cat >5 mmm/min
16
Q
Indetion tonometer
A
Schiotz
17
Q
Applination tonometer
A
Tonopen
18
Q
Rebound tonometer
A
TonoVet
19
Q
Normal IOP
A
10-25 mm Hg
20
Q
How long does tropicamide last?
A
6-8 hours
21
Q
Hyphema
A
Blood in anterior chamber
22
Q
Hypopyon
A
Pus in the anterior chamber
23
Q
Enucleation
A
Remove only the globe
24
Q
Exteneration
A
Remove globe and orbital contents
25
Clinical signs of glaucoma
Dilation of pupil
corneal edema
Lens luxation or sub-luxation
vision loss
buphthalmus
26
Signs of acute glaucoma
Unilateral
Red, cloudy painful eye
GLOBE IS NOT ENLARGED!
27
Signs of chronic glaucoma
Blind
Buphthalmic
No PLR
Haab's Striae
Retinal and optic nerve degeneration
28
This dog was HBC, what is this?
Proptosis
29
For most proptosed eyes, what treatment will be most likely needed
Temporary tarsorrhaphy (lateral canthotomy may also be needed)
30
What is not a finding of acute glaucoma?
Cloudy cornea
Blindness
Buphthalmia
'Red' eye
'painful' eye
Buphthalmia
31
Glaucoma can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT
Intraocular neoplasia
Lens luxation
Uveitis
Abnormal iridocorneal angle
optic nerve atropy
Optic nerve atropy
32
Treatment of an acute glaucoma case will involve all of the following except
Atropine
Oral carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Topical Miotic
Mannitol
Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Atropine
33
Which of the following is not a cause of secondary glaucoma?
Intraocular neoplasia
Lens Luxation
Uveitis
Abnormal pectinate ligaments
Abnormal pectinate ligaments
34
A 5 year old pug dog was restrained too much and the left eye popped out (proptosed) 2 minutes ago. What are two possible treatments?
Latheral canthotomy and temporary tarsorrhaphy
35
Dermoid
Haired skin on the surface of the eye
36
Ankyloblepharon
Fused eyelids
37
Symblepharon
Adhesion of conjunctiva to itself or the cornea
38
Eyelid agenesis
absence of part of the eyelid
39
Entropion
Inward rolling of the lids
40
Ectropion
Eversion of the lower lid; exposes the conjunctival surface
41
Euryplepharon
large palperbral fissure
42
Lagophthalmos
Can't close eyes completely
43
Trichiasis
Normal hairs contacting cornea
44
Distichiasis
Aberrant cilia erupt from Meibomian gland
45
Ectopic cillia
Aberrant cilia grows from tarsal gland grows through palperal conjunctiva
46
Blepharitis
Red, discharge, pruritus
47
Blepharedema
Non-specific eyelid swelling
48
Chalazion (meibomian gland cyst)
Not painful. Comes to a head on the inside of the lid
49
Hordeolum or Stye
Painful and comes to a head on the outside of the lid
50
Eyelid tumors in dogs
Meibomian gland adenoma
51
Eyelid tumors in cat
Squamous cell carcinoma- often malignant
52
5 layers of the cornea
1. Tear film
2. Epithelium
3. Stroma
4. Descemet's membrane
5. Posterior epithelium
53
What are the signs of corneal disease
Epiphora
Blepharospasm
Photophobia
Conjunctival Hyperemia
Corneal Edema
Scratching at eye
54
A 3 year old dog has ocular discharge OU. STT values: \<5 OU. Which of the following is least likely etiology of this dogs signs?
Immune mediated lymphocytic plasmacytic lacriminal gland infiltrate
Tetracycline reaction
Damage to CN 5 or 7
Etogesic administraion
Tetracycline reaction- Sulfa drugs cause KCS
55
What is this?
Distichiasis
56
What is the best way to surgically manage 'cherry eye'
Surgically replace the gland
57
Which layer of the cornea is the thickest?
Stroma
58
5 YO terrier. Owner says eye is red. OD exam findings: cloudy cornea, blepharospasm, injected sclera, red conjunctiva, abscent menace. What would be your first consideration?
Acute glaucoma
59
What is this?
Descemetocele
60
Which test would you not do?
STT
Tonopen IOP
Shiotz IOP
61
What is you biggest concern with this?
That iris prolapse will occur
62
Incipient cateract
No change in vision
63
Immature cateract
Vision affected if bilateral
may not see fundus
64
Mature cateract
Can't see fundus
if bilateral= blind
Totally opaque lens
65
Hypermature cateract
Shrinkage due to reabsorbtion of outer lens material
reduced size over all
partial vision may return
May induce uveitis
may predispose to retinal detachment
66
Aqueous flair is the hallmark of what disease?
Uveitis
67
Which of the following ulcers is treated with grid ketatotomy?
Deep corneal Ulcer
Superficial corneal ulcer
Non-healing superficial ulcer
Descetocele
Melting corneal ulcer
Non-healing superficial ulcer
68
What type of cateracts are caused by DM in dogs?
Intumescent
69
Why do dogs get cateracts?
Sorbitol can's get out of lens and takes on water
70
This cat had a prior corneal injury, what is this most likely
Sequestrum
71
What diagnostic test is most indicated?
Blood pressure
72
What is the most common clinical sign of retinal disease?
Vision loss
73
Diagnosis?
Retinal dysplasia
74
What is the diagnosis if blindness was gradual in onset?
PRA
75
8 YO dog, Acutely blind. Dilated pupils without any response to strong light. Normal IOP, STT, neg fluoro. Fundic exam is normal. Best guess?
SARDS
76
8 YO dog. Acutely blind. Normal sized pupils that have good response to strong light. Normal IOP, STT, neg fluoro. Fundic examis normal. Best guess?
Cortical Blindness
77
What can occur when cats are given enrofloxacin?
Retinal degenertion
78
How does one differentiate active from inactive chorioretinitis?
Description of edges
