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RUSVM Small Animal Medicine 2- A > Opthamology > Flashcards

Opthamology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the topical anesthetic

A

Proparacaine

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2
Q

Name the topical mydriatic

A

Tropicamide

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3
Q

*Define photopic

A

Bright exam

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4
Q

What is bupthalmia?

A

Big eyes from increased intraocular pressure

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5
Q

What is micropthalmia?

A

Eyes Smaller than normal

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6
Q

What is Stabismus?

A

Cross eyed

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7
Q

What is enophthalmos?

A

Eyes are sunken in

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8
Q

What is exopthalmus?

A

Eyes that stick out!!!

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9
Q

Cranial nerves for menace response?

A

2 and 7

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10
Q

Cranial nerves for dazzle reflex

A

2 and 7

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11
Q

Cranial nerves for pupillary light reflex?

A

2 and parasympathetic 3

Also assesses retina, iris sphincter and mid-brain

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12
Q

Cranial nerves for palpebral reflex

A

5, 7 and obicularis oculi

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13
Q

Cranial Nerves for the vestibulo-ocular refelx

A

3, 4, 6 and 8

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14
Q

Three ocular diagnostic tests in order

A
  1. STT
  2. Fluorescein Stain
  3. Tonometry
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15
Q

Normals for STT

A

Dog- >15mm/min

Cat >5 mmm/min

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16
Q

Indetion tonometer

A

Schiotz

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17
Q

Applination tonometer

A

Tonopen

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18
Q

Rebound tonometer

A

TonoVet

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19
Q

Normal IOP

A

10-25 mm Hg

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20
Q

How long does tropicamide last?

A

6-8 hours

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21
Q

Hyphema

A

Blood in anterior chamber

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22
Q

Hypopyon

A

Pus in the anterior chamber

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23
Q

Enucleation

A

Remove only the globe

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24
Q

Exteneration

A

Remove globe and orbital contents

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25
Q

Clinical signs of glaucoma

A

Dilation of pupil

corneal edema

Lens luxation or sub-luxation

vision loss

buphthalmus

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26
Q

Signs of acute glaucoma

A

Unilateral

Red, cloudy painful eye

GLOBE IS NOT ENLARGED!

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27
Q

Signs of chronic glaucoma

A

Blind

Buphthalmic

No PLR

Haab’s Striae

Retinal and optic nerve degeneration

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28
Q

This dog was HBC, what is this?

A

Proptosis

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29
Q

For most proptosed eyes, what treatment will be most likely needed

A

Temporary tarsorrhaphy (lateral canthotomy may also be needed)

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30
Q

What is not a finding of acute glaucoma?

Cloudy cornea

Blindness

Buphthalmia

‘Red’ eye

‘painful’ eye

A

Buphthalmia

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31
Q

Glaucoma can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT

Intraocular neoplasia

Lens luxation

Uveitis

Abnormal iridocorneal angle

optic nerve atropy

A

Optic nerve atropy

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32
Q

Treatment of an acute glaucoma case will involve all of the following except

Atropine

Oral carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Topical Miotic

Mannitol

Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Atropine

33
Q

Which of the following is not a cause of secondary glaucoma?

Intraocular neoplasia

Lens Luxation

Uveitis

Abnormal pectinate ligaments

A

Abnormal pectinate ligaments

34
Q

A 5 year old pug dog was restrained too much and the left eye popped out (proptosed) 2 minutes ago. What are two possible treatments?

A

Latheral canthotomy and temporary tarsorrhaphy

35
Q

Dermoid

A

Haired skin on the surface of the eye

36
Q

Ankyloblepharon

A

Fused eyelids

37
Q

Symblepharon

A

Adhesion of conjunctiva to itself or the cornea

38
Q

Eyelid agenesis

A

absence of part of the eyelid

39
Q

Entropion

A

Inward rolling of the lids

40
Q

Ectropion

A

Eversion of the lower lid; exposes the conjunctival surface

41
Q

Euryplepharon

A

large palperbral fissure

42
Q

Lagophthalmos

A

Can’t close eyes completely

43
Q

Trichiasis

A

Normal hairs contacting cornea

44
Q

Distichiasis

A

Aberrant cilia erupt from Meibomian gland

45
Q

Ectopic cillia

A

Aberrant cilia grows from tarsal gland grows through palperal conjunctiva

46
Q

Blepharitis

A

Red, discharge, pruritus

47
Q

Blepharedema

A

Non-specific eyelid swelling

48
Q

Chalazion (meibomian gland cyst)

A

Not painful. Comes to a head on the inside of the lid

49
Q

Hordeolum or Stye

A

Painful and comes to a head on the outside of the lid

50
Q

Eyelid tumors in dogs

A

Meibomian gland adenoma

51
Q

Eyelid tumors in cat

A

Squamous cell carcinoma- often malignant

52
Q

5 layers of the cornea

A
  1. Tear film
  2. Epithelium
  3. Stroma
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. Posterior epithelium
53
Q

What are the signs of corneal disease

A

Epiphora

Blepharospasm

Photophobia

Conjunctival Hyperemia

Corneal Edema

Scratching at eye

54
Q

A 3 year old dog has ocular discharge OU. STT values: <5 OU. Which of the following is least likely etiology of this dogs signs?

Immune mediated lymphocytic plasmacytic lacriminal gland infiltrate

Tetracycline reaction

Damage to CN 5 or 7

Etogesic administraion

A

Tetracycline reaction- Sulfa drugs cause KCS

55
Q

What is this?

A

Distichiasis

56
Q

What is the best way to surgically manage ‘cherry eye’

A

Surgically replace the gland

57
Q

Which layer of the cornea is the thickest?

A

Stroma

58
Q

5 YO terrier. Owner says eye is red. OD exam findings: cloudy cornea, blepharospasm, injected sclera, red conjunctiva, abscent menace. What would be your first consideration?

A

Acute glaucoma

59
Q

What is this?

A

Descemetocele

60
Q

Which test would you not do?

A

STT

Tonopen IOP

Shiotz IOP

61
Q

What is you biggest concern with this?

A

That iris prolapse will occur

62
Q

Incipient cateract

A

No change in vision

63
Q

Immature cateract

A

Vision affected if bilateral

may not see fundus

64
Q

Mature cateract

A

Can’t see fundus

if bilateral= blind

Totally opaque lens

65
Q

Hypermature cateract

A

Shrinkage due to reabsorbtion of outer lens material

reduced size over all

partial vision may return

May induce uveitis

may predispose to retinal detachment

66
Q

Aqueous flair is the hallmark of what disease?

A

Uveitis

67
Q

Which of the following ulcers is treated with grid ketatotomy?

Deep corneal Ulcer

Superficial corneal ulcer

Non-healing superficial ulcer

Descetocele

Melting corneal ulcer

A

Non-healing superficial ulcer

68
Q

What type of cateracts are caused by DM in dogs?

A

Intumescent

69
Q

Why do dogs get cateracts?

A

Sorbitol can’s get out of lens and takes on water

70
Q

This cat had a prior corneal injury, what is this most likely

A

Sequestrum

71
Q

What diagnostic test is most indicated?

A

Blood pressure

72
Q

What is the most common clinical sign of retinal disease?

A

Vision loss

73
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Retinal dysplasia

74
Q

What is the diagnosis if blindness was gradual in onset?

A

PRA

75
Q

8 YO dog, Acutely blind. Dilated pupils without any response to strong light. Normal IOP, STT, neg fluoro. Fundic exam is normal. Best guess?

A

SARDS

76
Q

8 YO dog. Acutely blind. Normal sized pupils that have good response to strong light. Normal IOP, STT, neg fluoro. Fundic examis normal. Best guess?

A

Cortical Blindness

77
Q

What can occur when cats are given enrofloxacin?

A

Retinal degenertion

78
Q

How does one differentiate active from inactive chorioretinitis?

A

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RUSVM Small Animal Medicine 2- A (8 decks)

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