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Old DOOS > Respiratory 4 > Flashcards

Respiratory 4 Flashcards

1
Q

a risk factor for allergic rhinitis is if serum IgE is >100 before what age?

A

age 6

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2
Q

what is the most common allergic dz in the US

A

allergic rhinitis

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3
Q

what class of allergic rhinitis is symptoms <4 weeks

A

intermittent

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4
Q

what class of allergic rhinitis is symptoms >4 days/ week AND >4 weeks

A

Persistent (primary perennial)

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5
Q

allergic rhinitis is considered moderate-severe if what at least 1 of what three symptoms are found

A

Sleep disturbances, Troublesome symptoms
Impairment of daily activities, leisure, and/or sport
Impairment of school or work

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6
Q

a central mediator in both the early and late allergic response
Released from presensitized mast cells upon allergen exposure and causes acute symptoms of allergic rhinitis: sneezing, rhinorrhea, itchy nose, nasal congestion

A

Histamine

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7
Q

when is histamine released from basophils?

A

Late phase

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8
Q

Who is at greatest risk of asthma?

A

65 years and above

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9
Q

What are some symptoms of asthma?

A

Recurrent wheeze
recurrent shortness of breath
cough
recurrent chest tightness

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10
Q

what is the inflammation like in asthma?

A

histamine release

basophil release

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11
Q

what cells produce mucous and cause plugging

A

goblet cells

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12
Q

does normal spirometry to lack of reversibility rule out asthma?

A

No

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13
Q

will asthmatics have low diffusion capacity?

A

No (will be abnormal with emphysema)

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14
Q

what are leukotriene meds used for?

A

add to albuterol for exercise induced

add if they have allergies

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15
Q

indicated in for adults and adolescents (12 years of age and above)
with moderate to severe asthma who have a positive skin test or in vitro reactivity to a perennial aeroallergen
whose symptoms are inadequately controlled on inhaled corticosteroids.

A

Omalizumab

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16
Q

may be more beneficial in children, exercise induced

A

mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn, nedocromil)

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17
Q

patients with nasal polyps are more likely to be sensitive to what?

A

ASA and NSAIDs

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18
Q

in an asthma exacerbation, what is the pH initially?

A

respiratory alkalsosis

19
Q

if the pH is decreased in an asthma exacerbation what can that indicate?

A

impending respiratory failure

20
Q

is wheezing a good sign in asthma?

A

Yes, because silent chest is worse during exacerbation

21
Q

most common cancer for men?

A

prostate

22
Q

exposure to what can cause lung cancer?

A

Asbestos
Radon
uranium

23
Q

Tumors that originate in the _______ can attain a very large size before producing symptoms

A

periphery

24
Q

When tumors arise in a _______ region of the lung symptoms arise early.

A

central

25
Q

what is the most common type of histology of central tumors?

A

squamous cell

26
Q

most common symptoms of lung cancer

A

hemoptysis
chest pain
dyspnea (COPD association)
weight loss

27
Q

Edema in the face, neck, arms, JVD

A

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

28
Q

first thing for evaluation of lung cancer

A

CXR (can’t see lesions <5 mm)

29
Q

CT with or without contrast is best for lung cancer.

A

With contrast and look at liver and adrenals (metastasis)

30
Q

what is the most common classification of lung cancer?

A

Non-small cell

small cell is the worst though

31
Q

Stage one is a tumor less than what size?

A

<3 cm

32
Q

only way to cure lung cancer?

A

removal of the cancer

33
Q

what do you do for stage III NSCLC

A

Non-resectable Stage IIIa and IIIb

Combined chemo-radiation improves survival

34
Q

Tx for stage IV NSCLC

A

Chemotherapy improves survival (by 20-40% at 12 months) and QOL if good performance status

35
Q

Small Cell Cancer is very _________, surgery usually not an option.

A

chemosensitive

36
Q

which type lung cancer do you do surgery on?

A

non small cell

37
Q

Isolated rounded lesion in the lung parenchyma, usually < 3 cm

A

Solitary pulmonary nodule

38
Q

when is a pulmonary nodule more likely to be malignant

A

> 3cm
older age
smoking history
increasing in size

39
Q

where are lymphomas seen?

A

anterior or middle mediastinum

40
Q

what is a slow growing malignant tumor with a good survival rate?

A

Carcinoid tumor

41
Q

If a lesion is stable in size for _________ years, it is likely not malignant.

A

2-3 years

42
Q

Benign causes of pulmonary nodules

A

Granulomas (tb, spores from forest)

hamartomas

43
Q

If it is metastasis to the lung, what will you usually see

A

multiple cancers

Old DOOS (21 decks)

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