Cardio I (From Quarter 4)

Question 1

what will cause a widened mediastinum

Answer 1

widened vessels

Question 2

how do you diagnose LV hypertrophy

Answer 2

Echo

Question 3

most common cause of LV hypertrophy

Answer 3

HTN

Question 4

Lasix + cramping means what?

Answer 4

Low potassium

Question 5

chest pain is most often caused by what?

Answer 5

GI

Question 6

biggest physical exam symptoms in heart failure

Answer 6

JVP
pulmonary edema
lower extremity edema

Question 7

if someone has aortic stenosis what should you get before a stress test?

Answer 7

Aortic stenosis

Question 8

stress test for someone who can’t walk?

Answer 8

nuclear stress test

Question 9

If you see “calcified coronary arteries” what do you think of?

Answer 9

doesn’t necessarily mean obstructive coronary dz

need to get symptoms, ECG, etc.

Question 10

with pleural effusions with CHF is the onset gradual or quick?

Answer 10

Gradual

Question 11

what can you do to rule out renal causes of BP (secondary)

Answer 11

renal US

Question 12

if BP is elevated what should you start with?

Answer 12

Lifestyle modifications for first 3-6 month if midly elevated

Question 13

what usually causes flash pulmonary edema?

Answer 13

HTN

Question 14

is nitroglycerin a great antihypertensive med?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

what is BIPAP?

Answer 15

Bilevel positive airway pressure

Question 16

what does BIPAP help perfuse?

Answer 16

The kidneys

Question 17

acutely hypertensive with sharp, stabbing back pain?

Answer 17

Aortic dissection

Question 18

what is back pain like with MIs?

Answer 18

Dull (referred pain)

Question 19

what is a normal EF?

Answer 19

55-65%

Question 20

less then 55% EF is considered what?

Answer 20

LV dysfunction or diminished EF

Question 21

what percentage are you at increased risk of having sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmia? mainly vtach and vfib

Answer 21

<30% ejection fraction (need an AICD)

Question 22

what causes diastole heart failure?

Answer 22

HTN

Question 23

what is diastolic dysfunction

Answer 23

tight, stiff heart

Question 24

study that created a lot of criteria for cardiac things?

Answer 24

Framingham study

Question 25

You lie down then sudden wake up gasping for air and have to sit up.

Answer 25

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)

Question 26

what type cough do people with CHF get?

Answer 26

nonproductive cough

Question 27

what may be elevated with CHF?

Answer 27

BNP, but can be elevated for other reasons

Question 28

NYHA class with No limitations: No sx with walk/jog, carry

Answer 28

NYHA class I

Question 29

NYHA class with Marked limits: OK rest, Sx with light work/activity or walk > 2.5 mph

Answer 29

Class III

Question 30

NYHA class where ’Cardiac cripple’: Sx at rest, often O2 dep

Answer 30

NYHA class IV

Question 31

NYHA class with Few limits: OK rest, Sx-fatigue, palpitations angina beyond light activity, > 4 mph

Answer 31

NYAH II

Question 32

biggest 2 meds to give people in systolic dysfunction

Answer 32

beta blockers

ACEI

Question 33

when do you give digoxin?

Answer 33

Help with symptoms

Question 34

when do you give anticoagulants?

Answer 34

Need another reason
consider if EF <30% (LV thrombus)
afb

Question 35

What does CHADS stand for?

Answer 35

CHF
HTN
Age > 75
DM
CVA (x2) 
consider anticoag if score >2

Question 36

what are some drugs that are AV nodal blockers

Answer 36

diphenhydramine CCB (diltiazam)
Beta blockers
Digoxin
Amiodarone