Cardio I (From Quarter 4) Flashcards
what will cause a widened mediastinum
widened vessels
how do you diagnose LV hypertrophy
Echo
most common cause of LV hypertrophy
HTN
Lasix + cramping means what?
Low potassium
chest pain is most often caused by what?
GI
biggest physical exam symptoms in heart failure
JVP
pulmonary edema
lower extremity edema
if someone has aortic stenosis what should you get before a stress test?
Aortic stenosis
stress test for someone who can’t walk?
nuclear stress test
If you see “calcified coronary arteries” what do you think of?
doesn’t necessarily mean obstructive coronary dz
need to get symptoms, ECG, etc.
with pleural effusions with CHF is the onset gradual or quick?
Gradual
what can you do to rule out renal causes of BP (secondary)
renal US
if BP is elevated what should you start with?
Lifestyle modifications for first 3-6 month if midly elevated
what usually causes flash pulmonary edema?
HTN
is nitroglycerin a great antihypertensive med?
No
what is BIPAP?
Bilevel positive airway pressure
what does BIPAP help perfuse?
The kidneys
acutely hypertensive with sharp, stabbing back pain?
Aortic dissection
what is back pain like with MIs?
Dull (referred pain)
what is a normal EF?
55-65%
less then 55% EF is considered what?
LV dysfunction or diminished EF
what percentage are you at increased risk of having sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmia? mainly vtach and vfib
<30% ejection fraction (need an AICD)
what causes diastole heart failure?
HTN
what is diastolic dysfunction
tight, stiff heart
study that created a lot of criteria for cardiac things?
Framingham study
You lie down then sudden wake up gasping for air and have to sit up.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
what type cough do people with CHF get?
nonproductive cough
what may be elevated with CHF?
BNP, but can be elevated for other reasons
NYHA class with No limitations: No sx with walk/jog, carry
NYHA class I
NYHA class with Marked limits: OK rest, Sx with light work/activity or walk > 2.5 mph
Class III
NYHA class where ’Cardiac cripple’: Sx at rest, often O2 dep
NYHA class IV
NYHA class with Few limits: OK rest, Sx-fatigue, palpitations angina beyond light activity, > 4 mph
NYAH II
biggest 2 meds to give people in systolic dysfunction
beta blockers
ACEI
when do you give digoxin?
Help with symptoms
when do you give anticoagulants?
Need another reason
consider if EF <30% (LV thrombus)
afb
What does CHADS stand for?
CHF HTN Age > 75 DM CVA (x2) consider anticoag if score >2
what are some drugs that are AV nodal blockers
diphenhydramine CCB (diltiazam)
Beta blockers
Digoxin
Amiodarone
