Cardio I (From Quarter 4) Flashcards

1
Q

what will cause a widened mediastinum

A

widened vessels

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2
Q

how do you diagnose LV hypertrophy

A

Echo

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3
Q

most common cause of LV hypertrophy

A

HTN

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4
Q

Lasix + cramping means what?

A

Low potassium

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5
Q

chest pain is most often caused by what?

A

GI

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6
Q

biggest physical exam symptoms in heart failure

A

JVP
pulmonary edema
lower extremity edema

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7
Q

if someone has aortic stenosis what should you get before a stress test?

A

Aortic stenosis

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8
Q

stress test for someone who can’t walk?

A

nuclear stress test

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9
Q

If you see “calcified coronary arteries” what do you think of?

A

doesn’t necessarily mean obstructive coronary dz

need to get symptoms, ECG, etc.

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10
Q

with pleural effusions with CHF is the onset gradual or quick?

A

Gradual

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11
Q

what can you do to rule out renal causes of BP (secondary)

A

renal US

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12
Q

if BP is elevated what should you start with?

A

Lifestyle modifications for first 3-6 month if midly elevated

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13
Q

what usually causes flash pulmonary edema?

A

HTN

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14
Q

is nitroglycerin a great antihypertensive med?

A

No

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15
Q

what is BIPAP?

A

Bilevel positive airway pressure

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16
Q

what does BIPAP help perfuse?

A

The kidneys

17
Q

acutely hypertensive with sharp, stabbing back pain?

A

Aortic dissection

18
Q

what is back pain like with MIs?

A

Dull (referred pain)

19
Q

what is a normal EF?

20
Q

less then 55% EF is considered what?

A

LV dysfunction or diminished EF

21
Q

what percentage are you at increased risk of having sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmia? mainly vtach and vfib

A

<30% ejection fraction (need an AICD)

22
Q

what causes diastole heart failure?

23
Q

what is diastolic dysfunction

A

tight, stiff heart

24
Q

study that created a lot of criteria for cardiac things?

A

Framingham study

25
You lie down then sudden wake up gasping for air and have to sit up.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
26
what type cough do people with CHF get?
nonproductive cough
27
what may be elevated with CHF?
BNP, but can be elevated for other reasons
28
NYHA class with No limitations: No sx with walk/jog, carry
NYHA class I
29
NYHA class with Marked limits: OK rest, Sx with light work/activity or walk > 2.5 mph
Class III
30
NYHA class where ’Cardiac cripple’: Sx at rest, often O2 dep
NYHA class IV
31
NYHA class with Few limits: OK rest, Sx-fatigue, palpitations angina beyond light activity, > 4 mph
NYAH II
32
biggest 2 meds to give people in systolic dysfunction
beta blockers | ACEI
33
when do you give digoxin?
Help with symptoms
34
when do you give anticoagulants?
Need another reason consider if EF <30% (LV thrombus) afb
35
What does CHADS stand for?
``` CHF HTN Age > 75 DM CVA (x2) consider anticoag if score >2 ```
36
what are some drugs that are AV nodal blockers
diphenhydramine CCB (diltiazam) Beta blockers Digoxin Amiodarone