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Old DOOS > ENT 1 > Flashcards

ENT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

junction where conjunctiva end and cornea begins

A

limbus

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of conjunctiva

A

palpebral (evert lid)

bulbar (around eye itself)

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3
Q

what is tortuosity of capillaires of the retina associated with?

A

hypertension

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4
Q

uneven pupil size, not necessarily pathological

A

Anisocoria

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5
Q

area right underneath the conjunctiva

A

sclera

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6
Q

what can you use to numb the eye?

A

Tetracaine 0.4%

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7
Q

what is used to check ocular pressure to r/o acute angle glaucoma

A

tonometry

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8
Q

reasons to refer to a specialist. Red eye+

A

eye pain, visual disturbance
corneal damage
acute glaucoma
foreign bodies

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9
Q

should a nonopthalmologist prescribe a topical steroid or steroid/abx combo drops?

A

No, could exacerbate the problem

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10
Q

types of conjunctivitis

A

allergic
viral
bacterial
chemical

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11
Q

will people with conjunctivits have normal vision?

A

Yes (may be transient with crusting)

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12
Q

will there be photophobia with conjunctivitis

A

No

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13
Q

Mucopurulent discharge, usually unilaterly

A

bacterial conjunctivitis

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14
Q

most common cause of bacterial conjuncivitis

A

Pneumococcus

H. aegytpicus

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15
Q

Gross purulence with bacterial conjunctivis suggests what?

A

Neisseria infection

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16
Q

chronic conjunctivitis is usually due to waht?

A

Staph aureus or moraxella lacunata

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17
Q

Usually bilateral, pre auricular nodes, profuse exudate

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

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18
Q

chronic conjunctivitis from chlamydia trachomatis

A

Trachoma

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19
Q

Watery discharge, sometimes mucoid. Unilateral quickly spreading to bilateral. Preauricular adenopathy associated w/ fever, pharyngitis.

A

Viral conjunctivitis

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20
Q

most common cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

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21
Q

bilateral, pruritus, clear tears. Associated with atopic dermatitis.

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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22
Q

what connects the eyes to the nose?

A

nasolacrimal duct

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23
Q

what is bilateral sterile conjunctivitis associated with?

A

reactive arthritis

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24
Q

What is an example of reactive arthritis

A

reiter’s syndrome (seronegative spondyloarthropathy)

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25
Q

who is reiter’s syndrome found in/ symptoms

A

Young men
heel pain
HLA-B27

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26
Q

what other condition is HLA-B27 associated with?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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27
Q

Reiter’s syndrome will other have a prior infection with what?

A

Klebsiella
C. trachomatis
abdominal infection

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28
Q

What are the 3 reactive arthritises

A

Steven Johnson syndrome
acne rosacea
Reiter’s syndrome

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29
Q

what may angioedema of lids bilaterally indicate?

A

systemic allergen

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30
Q

what does unilateral angioedema of lids

A

local allergenes (topical chemicals, rhus, insect bites)

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31
Q

What is rhus dermatitis

A

Poison ivy

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32
Q

what does edema of the eyes w/o erythema suggest?

A

Allergy

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33
Q

Yellow nodule of the scleral conjunctiva

A

pinguecula

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34
Q

vascularized “redness”; encroaches on cornea, may interfere w/ vision

A

Pterygium

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35
Q

What are pinguecula and pterygium associated with?

A

UV exposure

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36
Q

The solution to pollution is…

A

Dilution

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37
Q

Usually secondary to trauma. Doesn’t cross into iris. Spontaneous with anti-coags. Will include palprebral cojunctiva.

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

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38
Q

massive subconjunctival hemorrhage may be accompanied by what?

A

proptosis

limited EOMs

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39
Q

What makes eyes stick out with hyperthyroidism

A

fat pad takes up space

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40
Q

Usually benign inflammation of superficial episceral vessels. Tender, irritated eyes

A

episcleritis

41
Q

what is episcleritis associated with?

A

gout
allergic conditions
psoriasis
collagen disease

42
Q

underlying ciliary body is inflamed (perilimbal ciliary flush). Photophobia, tearing.

A

Keratitis

43
Q

What can cause keratitis

A

viral
bacterial
sterile
fungal

44
Q

what common causes corneal limbus infiltrate?

A

S. aureus

45
Q

Will have photophobia, concomitant HSV, pain precedes rash. Eyes are sore or painful.

A

Herpes Simplex Keratoconjunctivitis

46
Q

blood in the anterior chamber

A

Hyphema

47
Q

how long does it take corneal abrasions to heal?

A

2-3 days as epithelial cells migrate very quickly

48
Q

what makes up the uveal tract?

A

Iris
ciliary body
choroid

49
Q

Will present with pain, photophobia, redness, ciliary flush. Slightly cloudy anterior chamber. Hypopyon

A

Uveitis

50
Q

what are some causes of uveal tract dz

A

Idiopathic conditions

Ankylosing spondylitis, JRA, granulmoatous colitis, sprue, TB, sarcoidosis, trauma/ inflammation

51
Q

Inflammation of the structures of the lid margin: redness, scaling, crusting

A

Blepharitis

52
Q

what usually causes blepharitis on the anterior lid margin.

A

Staph

53
Q

Greasy anterior lid scaling

Meibomian gland dysfunction freq.

A

Seborrheic blepharitis

54
Q

what is meibomina gland dysfunction associated with?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

acne rosacea

55
Q

Acute staphylococcal infection of the meibomian glands

A

Internal Hordeolum

56
Q

Acute staphylococcal infection of the glands of Zeis or Moll around rashes

A

External hordeolum or sty

57
Q

Sterile granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland
Tender, mildly inflamed OR quiet discrete mass
Physically disfiguring

A

Chalazion

58
Q

Infection of tear duct on lateral nose.

Purulent matter may be expressed

A

Acute Dacryocystitis

59
Q

What type organism usually causes orbital cellulitis?

A

Gram positive organism

60
Q

swollen, red eyelids with chemosis, painexopthalmos, fever, leukocytosis

A

Orbital cellulitis

61
Q

what can orbital cellulitis lead to?

A

third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve or ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve.
Cavernous sinus thrombosis

62
Q

Painful, unilateral red eye, ciliary flush.
Pupil: mid-dilated, fixed.
Cornea: cloudy secondary to edema.

A

acute glaucoma

63
Q

What must IOP be above for acute glaucoma?

A

> 20 mm Hg

64
Q

what will the patient’s vision be like with acute glaucoma

A

cloudy vision
halo around lights
N/V/Headache

65
Q

s swelling of the tissue that lines the eyelids and surface of the eye (conjunctiva) (palpebral)

A

chemosis

66
Q

what may precipitate acute glaucoma

A

Mydriatic activity (dark movie theatre) or stress

67
Q

most common cause of impaired vision?

A

refractive error

68
Q

Most common cause of impaired vision?

A

myopia

69
Q

what drugs can lead to impaired vision

A

sulfonamides
thiazides
anti-cholinergics

70
Q

with myopia where if the refraction compared to the fovea?

A

anterior to the fovea

71
Q

what is “curtain” drawn down over vision

A

retinal detachment

72
Q

what are 2 anterior diseases that can impair vision?

A

Hyphema

iritis

73
Q

leading cause of blindness in those over age 50. central vision is impaired

A

macular degeneration

74
Q

what type disease is macular degeneration

A

retinal disease

75
Q

what can cause retinal inflammation

A

Histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus.
Immunocompromised patients

76
Q

cherry red spot on macula indicates what

A

central artery retinal occlusion

77
Q

what are box car veins?

A

Veins with skips in them

78
Q

what is associated with central retinal artery occlusion

A

cherry red spot

box car veins

79
Q

most common cause of central artery retinal occlusion

A

Emboli (a-fib)

vegetations from mitral valve leaflet

80
Q

Granulomatous inflammation of medium and large arteries in elderly

A

Giant cell or temporal arteritis

81
Q

what is giant cell or temporal arteritis associated with

A 
polymyalgia rheumatica
elevated ESR (sed rate)
82
Q

Inflammation of optic nerve. Loss of color vision. Globe tender and visual field defect.

A

optic neuritis

83
Q

Tx for optic neuritis

A

steroids

84
Q

exam is normal, objective measurement intact.

A

psychogenic impaired vision

85
Q

Autoimmune inflammation w infiltration of the soft tissues of the orbit
Lid retraction, lid lag, stare, mild protrusion of the eye (proptosis).

A

Graves Dz

86
Q

Risk factors for graves Dz

A

smoking

hyperthyroid (persistent/ DC ant thyroid drug Rx)

87
Q

causes of exopthalmos

A

tumor
graves’ disease
vascular causes

88
Q

vascular causes of exopthalmos

A 
hemangioma
aneurysm
varices
carotid-cavernous sinus fistula
cavernous sinus thrombosis
89
Q

Leading cause of blindness under age 65

A

diabetic retinopathy

90
Q

2 types of diabetic retinopathy

A

nonproliferative (generally early form)

proliferative (later stage/ worse prognosis)

91
Q

have microaneurysms, intraretinal hemorrhages, cotton wool infactions, serious and lipid exudates. Intraretinal vascular damage

A

non-prolifeative retinopathy

92
Q

vascular pathology extending from retina into vitreous cavity. Late stage of dz, worse prognosis.

A

proliferative retinopathy

93
Q

Fine network of small vessels from optic disc, maj.ret.vessels, or areas adjacent to retinal ischemia.

A

neovascularization

94
Q

what is neovascularization seen with?

A

proliferative retinopathy

95
Q

if iris is involved in proliferative retinopathy, what is there a higher risk of

A

glaucoma

96
Q

presents with flame hemorrhage, AV nicking, arteriolar narrowing, increased vascular tortuosity.

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

97
Q

a lesion in the optic chiasm leads to what?

A

bitemporal hemianopsia

98
Q

what can bitemporal heminaopsia be a sign of?

A

pituiatary adenoma

Old DOOS (21 decks)

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