Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Old DOOS > Respiratory 1 > Flashcards

Respiratory 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Capillaries occupy 70-80% of ______ surface area

A

alveolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

normal respiratory rate for newborn?

A

30-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

normal respiratory rate for early childhood?

A

20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

normal respiratory rate for late childhood?

A

15-25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal respiratory rate for adults

A

10-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many alveoli in the normal human lung?

A

300 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is an average tidal volume?

A

500 ccs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how much do we breathe per minutes?

A

6 Liters (similar to cardiac output)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the normal saturation?

A

100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when do hear rales and crackles?

A

Will hear on inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when do you hear rhonchi and wheezing?

A

Hear on expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

if you hear wheezing on inspiration what type issue is it?

A

Upper airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the I:E ratio?

A

1:2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

do you breathe quicker in or out?

A

In

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does cobblestoning of pharynx indicate?

A

Allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why do people turn cyanotic

A

vasoconstriction; want to shunt all the blood to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when percussion is dull, what can it be?

A

Flesh of the lung (full of crap, not air) consolidation

lots of fluid (pleural effusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If percussion is hyperessonance?

A

Lots of air (pneumothorax or emphysema)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when will you feel fremitus?

A

Consolidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are normal breath sounds?

A

Vesicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

when will you hear bronchial breath sounds?

A

Sounds like blowing through a hose

consolidation (pneumonia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does clubbing look like

A

convex nail (spoon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is clubbing a sign of?

A

chronic hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

do you normally use other muscles besides the diaphragm to breath?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

is hypoxia usually a late or early finding of respiratory failure?

A

Late sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is low pO2 in tissues?

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is low oxygen in the blood?

A

Hypoxemia (see on ABGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is normal p)2

A

70-80 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what does the last number of the pH usually correlate with?

A

Carbon dioxide level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how much percentage of the air is oxygen?

A

21%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

5 causes of hypoxia?

A

V/Q mismatch
altitude (rare unless lungs not working well)
alveolar hypoventilation (end stage process)
decreased diffusion (problem w/ alveoli and vessel)
Shunt (anatomic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3 main parts of the lungs?

A

Bronchus
Alveoli
Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

things that cause decreased diffusion

A

pulmonary fibrosis

emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is V/Q mismatch

A

too much blood, not enough air

too much air, not enough blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what does 90 hemoglobin saturation correspond to a PO2 of?

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

is there a lot of difference b/w 90-100 hemoglobin saturation?

A

No, corresponds to about 60 and above O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

No problem with lung parenchyma
Not moving air in and out
Elevated pCO2, decreased pO2

A

Alveolar hypoventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

when do you mostly see alveolar hypoventilation?

A

Drugs
obesity
CNS injury
neuromuscular weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

blood flow goes through without having a chance at being oxygenated?

A

Shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

does increased FIO2 help with shunts?

A

No

41
Q

2 diseases causing shunts

A

Intracardiac defects

Dense consolidated pneumonia

42
Q

when can you see V/Q mismatch

A

PE
COPD
pneumonia
asthma

43
Q

The relative ventilation and perfusion of all alveoli determines the PO2 of the blood.

A

V/Q mismatch

44
Q

does delivering oxygen help with V/Q mismatch

A

yes

45
Q

what is FVC?

A

forced vital capacity

Amount of air able to expire

46
Q

what is FEV1?

A

Amount of air able to expire in 1 sec

47
Q

what is RV?

A

residual volume

Amount of air left in lung after exhalation

48
Q

What is TLC?

A

Total lung volume

49
Q

what fall under the category of restrictive lung disease? flesh of the lung problem

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

Obesity

50
Q

What fall under the category of obstructive lung dz?airway problem

A

Asthma

COPD

51
Q

how much of the air should come out in expiration in the first second?

A

75% of the air

52
Q

what is (forced) vital capacity?

A

as much of the air you can possibly empty out

forced- where you push the air out

53
Q

Caused by a variety of lung diseases

Interstitial Lung Diseases, silicosis

A

Restrictive Defect

54
Q

what diseases do you see in New Mexico a lot scarring lung disease?

A

mining

55
Q

If you have a normal lung volume, can you have a restrictive lung disease?

A

No

56
Q

If obstructive lung disease FEV1 decreases more than….

A

FVC

57
Q

In an restrictive lung dz what are low?

A

FEV1

FVC

58
Q

why do you look at/ count the posterior ribs?

A

fixed to the spine

59
Q

where does the film go on the x-ray?

A

on the anterior aspect and beam goes from the back

60
Q

Air in pleural space; visceral pleural line

A

Pneumothorax

61
Q

who is at greatest risk of a pneumothorax?

A

tall thin males

smokers

62
Q

what can also mimic a pnuemothorax?

A

COPD (hyper-lucent) air within lung

63
Q

tx for a pneumothorax?

A

chest tube placement

64
Q

after a tension pneumothorax what are patients placed on?

A

vents

65
Q

don’t see diaphragm on x-ray, structures being pushed away from the slide.

A

pleural effusion

66
Q

local problems, usually only found on one side of the chest

A

pus, cancer, blood

67
Q

the higher the LDH the more what?

A

cell dying; if this is high in a fluid it is probably from cell dying in that system

68
Q

1 of what categories must you have for exudates?

A

LDH fl/s ratio 0.6
protein fl/s ratio >0.5
pleural fluid LDH >2/3 upper limit normal LDH

69
Q

what is empyema?

A

pus in pleural

70
Q

what must you have to qualify a hemothorax?

A

Hct of fluid (in pleura) >50% serum Hct value

71
Q

what can cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A 
scarring of lung due to injury
chronic aspiration
inhalation injury
ARDS
Infection
occupational exposures
collagen-vascular related (lupus, RA, vasculitis)
72
Q

Person presents with dyspnea and desaturation w/ exercise. Have nonproductive cough, clubbing
“Velcro rales” at bases on inspiration

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

73
Q

what is a VQ scan good for?

A

rule out pulmonary embolism

74
Q

what does a VQ scan show?

A

inhale nuclear stuff
put nuclear stuff in IV
see if they match or not

75
Q

what must you compare the VQ scan to?

A

chest x-ray (look for mass)

76
Q

what can provide false positives of VQ scans?

A

asthma
obstructie airway
obstructing tumors

77
Q

when should you not do a V/Q scan?

A

severe obstructive lung dz

78
Q

what is the best test for patients w/ abnormal CXR?

A

Spiral CT

79
Q

what is a good way to look for clots of the lower extremities (where 75% of PEs come from)?

A

doppler

80
Q

are pulmonary arteriograms used?

A

No, spiral CTs are used; however this is the gold standard

81
Q

how long does tx for a PE last?

A

at least 6 months

82
Q

drugs used to treat PE?

A

Heparin/ lovenox followed by Coumadin

83
Q

to evaluate persistent infiltrates on CXR or mass.

A

Bronchoscopy (only in the bronchi)

84
Q

to evaluate upper airway, vocal cord problems

A

laryngoscopy

85
Q

to biopsy mediastinal nodes in CA work up. Cut and go behind the sternum

A

Mediastinoscopy

86
Q

to evaluate type of pleural effusion

A

Thoracentesis

87
Q

Used primarily in evaluating nodules, masses for malignancy.

A

PET scan; if it lights up then it may be malignant

88
Q

what type lung dz will there be with obesity

A

restrictive lung disease

89
Q

if something very sudden happen what problem is it usually?

A

Vascular

90
Q

causes of acute dyspnea (cardiac)?

A

Acute MI
CHF
Cardiac tamponade

91
Q

High pressure on the right side of the heart

A

Pulmonary HTN

92
Q

when will you hear wheezing?

A

Any narrowing of the airway

PE

93
Q

wheeze heard on one side of the chest, heard on inspiration and expiration.

A

endobronchial obstruction

94
Q

How do you make a diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction

A

Diagnosis of VCD is from indirect or direct vocal cord visualization during an episode, during which abnormal adduction can be documented

95
Q

what is the number one reason to see a doctor in U.S.?

A

Cough

96
Q

what are the 4 most common reasons for chronic cough?

A

Asthma
GERD
allergic rhinitis
Lisinopril

97
Q

most common reason on hemoptysis?

A

Bronchitis
bronchogenic carcinoma
bronchiectasis

98
Q

red, frothy, mixed with sputum.

Alkaline

A

Hemoptysis

Old DOOS (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions