Respiratory

Question 1

used to administer low to moderate concentrations of oxygen.

-cannot be used for controlled oxygen concentrations

Answer 1

simple masks

Question 2

these masks have a reservoir bag that must remain inflated during both inspiration and expiration.

• the nurse adjusts the oxygen flow to ensure the bag does not collapse.
• High concentration of oxygen

Answer 2

partial rebreathing masks

Question 3

similar to a partial rebreathing mask except that they have additional valves.
-High flow oxygen

Answer 3

nonrebreather mask

Question 4

a high flow system that provides low levels of supplemental oxygen.

• Ideal for COPD patient
• must remove to eat

Answer 4

venturi mask

Question 5

connects to the endotracheal tube and is useful in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation.

Answer 5

T-piece

Question 6

refers to closure or collapse of the alveoli.

Tachypnea, dyspnea, and mild to moderate hypoexmia are the hallmarks.

Answer 6

atelectasis

Question 7

inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses

Answer 7

pneumonia

Question 8

occurs when thick, purulent fluid accumulates within the pleural space, often with fibrin development and a walled off area where the infection is located.
Requires 4-6 weeks of antibiotics and sometimes surgical management is required.

Answer 8

empyema

Question 9

risk factors include:

• seizure activity
• brain injury
• decreased LOC
• Flat body positing
• stroke
• swallowing disorders
• Cardiac arrest

Answer 9

aspiration

Question 10

an infectious disease that primarily affects the lung parenchyma. It may be transmitted to other parts of the body including the meninges, kidneys, bones, and lymph nodes.

Answer 10

tuberculosis

Question 11

This set is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent away that detects the release of interferon-gamma by WBC’s when the blood of a patient with TB in incubated with peptides similar to those of TB.
-Results are available within less than 24 hr.

Answer 11

Quantiferon-TB gold test

Question 12

a collection of fluid in the pleural space.

assessment reveals decreased or absent breath sounds, decreased fremitius and dull flat percussion sounds

Answer 12

pleural effusion

Question 13

a sudden and life threatening deterioration of the gas exchange function of the lung and indicates failure of the lungs to provide adequate oxygenation or ventilation for the blood.

Answer 13

acute respiratory failure

Question 14

characterized by a severe inflammatory process causing diffuse alveolar damage that results in sudden and progressive pulmonary edema, increasing bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray, hypoxemia unresponsive to oxygen supplementation regardless of the amount of PEEP and the absence of an elevated left arterial pressure.

Answer 14

ARDS

Question 15

characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and secondary right heart ventricular failure. May be suspected in a Pt. with dyspnea with exertion without other symptoms. - clinical recognition is the only indicator.

Answer 15

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 16

an obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a thrombus.

Answer 16

Pulmonary embolism

Question 17

occurs when the parietal or visceral pleura is breached and then pleural space is exposed to positive atmospheric pressure.

Answer 17

pneumothorax

Question 18

occurs when air enters the pleural space through a breach of either the parietal or visceral pleura.
-Most commonly caused by a rupture of a bleb or a bronchopleural fistula.

Answer 18

simple pneumothorax

Question 19

occurs from a wound in the chest wall. ex- rib fractures, gunshot wounds, thoracentesis, etc.

Answer 19

traumatic pneumothorax

Question 20

occurs when air is pulled into the pleural space from a lacerated lung or a complication of other types of pneumothorax. The air becomes trapped and creates positive pressure

Answer 20

tension pneumothorax

Question 21

This chamber of the chest tube collects drainage

Answer 21

the first

Question 22

this chamber of the chest tube provides for the under water seal

Answer 22

second

Question 23

controls the amount of suction

Answer 23

third

Question 24

Patient with chest trauma is at risk for this.
It is when lung or air passages are injured and air enters the tissues planes and pass for some distance under the skin.
-The tissue crackles when palpated

Answer 24

subcutaneous emphysema

Question 25

low pH low bicarb. It can be produced by a gain of hydrogen ion or a loss of bicarb

Answer 25

metabolic acidosis

Question 26

signs include H/A, confusion, drowsiness, increased respiratory rate and depth, nausea, and vomiting.

Answer 26

metabolic acidosis

Question 27

causes Peripheral vasodilation and decreased cardiac output

Answer 27

pH below 7

Question 28

high pH high bicarb. Can be produced by a gain of bicarbonate or a loss of H+
Common cause is vomiting or gastric suctioning

Answer 28

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 29

symptoms are tingling of fingers and toes, decreased calcium ionization, dizziness, hypertonic muscles, potassium decreases.

Answer 29

alkalosis

Question 30

low pH high PaCO2(greater than 42)
Common cause emergency situations, such as acute pulmonary edema, aspiration of foreign object, atelectasis, pneumothorax, OD on sedatives, sleep apnea.

Answer 30

Respiratory acidosis

Question 31

high pH low PaCO2.

Blowing off Co2 occurs in hyperventilation

Answer 31

respiratory alkalosis

Question 32

a disease of the airways, that is defined as a presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years.

Answer 32

chronic bronchitis

Question 33

impaired oxygen and co2 exchange results from destruction of the walls of over distended alveoli.

Answer 33

emphysema

Question 34

A complication of emphysema in terminal stages. It is right sided HF brought on by longterm high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries.

Answer 34

Cor pulmonale

Question 35

measures the highest volume of airflow during a forced expiration

Answer 35

peak flow meter

Question 36

The earliest sign of ARDS

Answer 36

air hunger, increased respiratory rate

Question 37

breath sounds will be diminished or absent

Answer 37

pneumothorax

Question 38

most characteristic sign is paradoxical breathing

Answer 38

flail chest

Question 39

Each suctioning pass should be limited to

Answer 39

10 seconds