Burns

Question 1

These factors include age of the patient, depth of the burn, amount of surface area,presence of inhalation injury, presence of other injuries, location such as face, hands, feet, perineum, and presence of past medical hx.

Answer 1

severity

Question 2

These two age groups have increased morbidity and mortality associated with burns.

Answer 2

young children and older adults

Question 3

superficial burns that involve only the outer layer. They are erythematous, but the epidermis is intact; if rubbed the burned tissue does not separate from the underlying dermis

Answer 3

first degree burn

Question 4

if rubbed the burned tissue does not separate from the underlying dermis

Answer 4

negative nikolsky’s sign

Question 5

involve the entire epidermis and varying portions of the dermis.

• very painful and normally had blisters
• hair follicles and appendages remain in tact
• take about 2-3 weeks to heal
• may require grafting

Answer 5

second degree burns

Question 6

involve total destruction of the epidermis and dermis an din some cases the underlying tissue. wound color ranges from pale to red, brown or charred.

• The burns lack sensation because nerve endings have been destroyed
• wound looks leathery because hair follicles and sweat glands have been destroyed

Answer 6

third-degree or full-thickness

Question 7

injuries that extend into the deep tissue, muscle or bone

Answer 7

fourth degree burn

Question 8

-the most commonly used methods to measure the extent of BSA injured.
-It divides the anatomic regions into 9% of the TBSA if only half the arm is burned it is 4.5% instead of 9%
See chart 62-3

Answer 8

Rule of nines

Question 9

A more precise method which recognizes the percentage of surface area of various anatomic parts, esp. the head and legs as it relates to the age of the person. By dividing the body into very small areas and providing an estimate of the proportion of TBSA accounted for by each body part

Answer 9

The Lund and Browder method

Question 10

the result of chemical injury or heat transfer from one site to another, causing tissue destruction through coagulation, protein denaturation or ionization of cellular contents.

Answer 10

burn injury

Question 11

characterized by burn wound edema, generalized edema formation in noninsured tissue, altered cardiovascular function, and impaired organ perfusion.

Answer 11

burn injury

Question 12

The initial systemic event after a major burn injury, which results from loss of capillary integrity and a subsequent shift of fluid, sodium, protein from intravascular space into interstitial space, producing hypovolemic shock.

Answer 12

hemodynamic instability

Question 13

some complications associated with burns shock, sepsis, ARDS, ileum, and kidney failure.

Answer 13

complications of burns

Question 14

signs of this type of injury include
1. injury occurring in an enclosed space
2.burns of the face or neck
3.singed nasal hair
4. hoarseness, high pitched voice change, stridor
5. soot in sputum
6.dyspnea or tachypnea and other signs of hypoxemia
7erythema and blistering of the oral or pharyngeal mucosa

Answer 14

inhalation injury

Question 15

carbon monoxide poisoning. It is carbon monoxide combined with hemoglobin.

Answer 15

carboxyhemoglobin

Question 16

this is the fluid of choice used for replacement

Answer 16

Lactated Ringers

Question 17

• Use of barrier techniques (gowns, gloves, masks, eye protection if needed)
• environmental cleaning with periodic cultures of patient care equipment
• application of appropriate topical antimicrobial agents
• appropriate use of systemic antibiotic and anti fungal agents
• early excision and closure of the burn wound
• control of hyperglycemia
• management of the hyper metabolic response

Answer 17

prevention and control of infection in burn wounds