Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Internal Med Rotation > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

excess tracheobronchial mucus production resulting in a productive cough that occurs for at least 3 months a year for 2 or more consecutive years

A

chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

abnormal dilatation of terminal airspaces w/ destruction of the alveolar septa

A

emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

airway condition that is reversible and there is no associated w/ smoking

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is associated w/ the panacinar form of emphysema

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of emphysema is smoking associated w/

A

centrilobular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type COPD has marked V/Q mismatch?

A

chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

late findings of COPD- chronic bronchitis

A

weight gain
lethargy
cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does emphysema typically present

A

minimal cough/ scant amounts of thin sputum
dyspnea w/ exertion
weight loss (caynosis is rate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lungs sounds w/ chronic bronchitis

A

coarse rhonchi and wheezes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lung sounds w/ emphysema

A

hyperresonant
decreased breath sounds
increased A-P chest diamester
lowered diaphragms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the volume of air that can be exhaled going from maximal inhalation to maximal exhalation

A

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the volume of air exhaled in 1 second, starting a maximal inhalation

A

forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a normal FEV1/FVC

A

0.75-0.80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is stage I of COPD?

A

FEV/FVC 80% predicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what stage of COPD is FEV1 30%

A

Stage III- Severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what stage of COPD is FEV1 50%

A

Stage II-Moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what vaccines do people with COPD need?

A

yearly influenza vaccines

pneumococcal vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

first line med for COPD

A

tiotropium bromide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

COPD patients with PAO2<90% can benefit from what?

A

continuous supplemental oxygen

20
Q

How is TB spread?

A

respiratory route- droplets formed by coughing , usually requries several months of close contact

21
Q

Risk factors for TB

A

older age
low socioeconomic status
recent immigration from 3rd world country
HIV positive

22
Q

symptoms of TB

A 
fever, chills, night sweats
anorexia
fatigue
cough 
hemoptysis (advanced dz)
23
Q

pulmonary findings w/ tb

A

dullness w/ decreased fremitus or distanct hollow breath sounds

24
Q

M. tuberculosis stains positive in a what stain?

A

acid-fast

25
Q

what is considered a positive TB skin test in someone form a low-risk group

A

> 15 mm

26
Q

what is considered a positive TB test in a moderate risk individual (recent immigration, IV drug user)

A

> 10 mm

27
Q

what is considered a positive TB test in an HIV-infected individual or patients w/ organ transplants receiving >15 mg of prednisone a day

A

> 5 mm

28
Q

first line drugs for TB

A 
isoniazid (INH)
fiampin
pyrazinamide
ethambutol
streptomycin
29
Q

chemoprpolyaxis fo recent skin test onverters

A

daily INH

30
Q

what is the vaccine for TB that is not recommended for routine use in the US

A

BCG vaccine (live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis)

31
Q

what is a whole blood test for the diagnosis of latent TB?

A

QuantiFERON-TB Gold

32
Q

after how many weeks of treatment are TB patients usually noninfectious

A

2 weeks

33
Q

TB med that produced red-orange discoloration of body fluids

A

rifampin

34
Q

TB med that can cause red-green color blindness

A

ethambutol

35
Q

Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis

A

elevated sweat chloride >60 on 2 occcasions

36
Q

what organ systems does CF mainly affect

A

lungs

pancreas

37
Q

Pulmonary manifestations of CF

A

persistent, productive cough
hyperinflation of the lung fields
PFTs consistent w/ obstructive airway dz
clubbing seen in moderate disease states

38
Q

what causes most cases of acute bronchitits?

A

viruses

39
Q

what suggests acute bronchitis

A

presitence of cough for mroe than 5 days , and cough generally persists up to 2-3 weeks

40
Q

Is fever common in acute bronchitits?

A

No, it suggests either influenza or pneumonia

41
Q

Indications for chest x-ray w/ acute cough

A

pulse >100/ min
respiratory rate >24
temp >38

42
Q

how should acute bronchitits be treated?

A

symptomatic treatment- NSAIDs

43
Q

what differs pneumonia from bronchitits?

A

pneumonia patients more liekly to have high fever, experience dyspnea and shills, ahve chest pains

44
Q

If symptoms of a URI persist for more than a week what abx can be started for 10-14 days?

A

amoxicillin or TMP/SMX

45
Q

ABX to give for outpatient CAP <60

A

erythromycin
Azithromycin
Doxycycline (less expensive)

46
Q

For patients >60 what are good abx choices for pneumonia

A

Fluoroquinolone (ex- levofloxacin)

2nd gen cephalosporin

Internal Med Rotation (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions