Hematology/ Oncology

Question 1

median age for breast cancer

Answer 1

54 years old

Question 2

Risk factors for breast cancer

Answer 2

early menarche
late menopause
family hx
late age of first pregnancy
nulliparity

Question 3

most common compliant in patient w/ breast cancer

Answer 3

asymptomatic breast mass

Question 4

how many patients w/ intraductal cancer peresent

Answer 4

unilateral nipple discharge

Question 5

does a normal mammo rule out malignancy?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

for patients younger than 35 what is the best form of imaging for a breast complaint?

Answer 6

US

Question 7

when should women start getting mammograms annually?

Answer 7

40

Question 8

what is an antiestrogen used in women w/ steroid receptor-positive tumors?

Answer 8

tamoxifen

Question 9

what drugs are another hormonal treatment for postmenopausal women w/ steroid receptor-positive breast cancer. they block the conversion of androgens to estrogens.

Answer 9

aromatase inhibitiors (anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane)

Question 10

what are 2 main ADRs of tamoxifen?

Answer 10

uterine cancer

thromboembolism

Question 11

what chemo drugs can cause hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 11

cyclophosphamide

Question 12

what chemo drugs can cause cardiomyopathy?

Answer 12

doxorubicin

Question 13

what ADR can taxanes cause (paclitaxel or docetaxel)?

Answer 13

peripheral neuropathy

Question 14

what is a monocloncal antibody against HER-2/neu?

Answer 14

trastuzumab (Herceptin)

Question 15

where are common sites of metastasis of breast cancer?

Answer 15

bone (back pain, hypercalcemia)
brain (seizures, HA)
lung (dyspnea, cough)
liver (abdominal complaints)

Question 16

median age for prostate cancer?

Answer 16

68

Question 17

how is most prostate cancer detected?

Answer 17

screening PSA tests

Question 18

what is the cut-off for a normal PSA?

Answer 18

10 is highly suspicious

Question 19

what is the definitive diagnosis for prostate cancer?

Answer 19

transrectal prostate biopsy

Question 20

what score system is prostate cancer graded on?

Answer 20

Gleason

the higher the score (2-10) the more poorly differentiated

Question 21

Tx for prostate cancer

Answer 21

Surgery
radiation therapy
androgen deprivation therapy

Question 22

complications of prostatectomy

Answer 22

impotence

urinary incontinence

Question 23

hormonal therapy for prostate cancer

Answer 23

orchiectomy (removes sourced or testosterone)

Question 24

what are some lutenizing hormone-rlease hormone agonists that supress LH release by providing continuous stimulation

Answer 24

goserelin
leuprolide
triptorelin

Question 25

What drug class should be given with LH releasing hormone agonists to prevent a flare in the disease and induce a complete androgen blockage

Answer 25

nonsteroidal antiandrogens | flutamide, bicalutamide, nilutamide

Question 26

What type of leukemia is the philadelphia chromosome associated with?

Answer 26

CML (translocation of chromosome 9 and 22)

Question 27

what can myelodysplastic syndrome lead to?

Answer 27

AML

Question 28

symptoms of acute leukemia

Answer 28

Constitutional- fever, malaise bleeding (thrombocytopenia) infection, bone pain, HA, CN palsies

Question 29

HOw many CLL present?

Answer 29

painless adenopathy or splenomegaly

Question 30

what is a pathognomic cell seen with AML

Answer 30

Auer rod (bluish red rod seen in the blast cell)

Question 31

Definitive diagnosis for leukemia

Answer 31

bone marrow biopsy

Question 32

what is the most common type of leukemia?

Answer 32

CLL

Question 33

how will CML often present?

Answer 33

elevated WBC and splenomegaly

Question 34

what trug is a BRC-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can treat CML

Answer 34

imatinib