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PHARM SHELF AND BOARDS > RESPIRATORY > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of theophylline? What cardiac drug does it block the effect of?

A

bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and increasing cAMP by decreasing its breakdown; adenosine

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2
Q

What is the MOA for omalizumab?

A

monoclonal anti-IgE antibody

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3
Q

What kind of drug is chlorpheneramine?

A

First Generation antihistamine

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3
Q

Salmeterol and formeterol are long acting beta 2 agonists with these 2 AE’s:

A

tremor and arrhythmia

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3
Q

Why are montelukast and zafirlukast the best drugs for aspirin induced asthma?

A

Because in ASA-induced asthma, all of the arachidonic metabolites have been shunted into leukotriene synthesis since COX is blocked, since these drugs inhibit leukotrine receptors they will alleviate the effects

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5
Q

Why are second generation antihistamines less sedating than first generation?

A

Don?t cross the BBB

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5
Q

Which drug is used as muscarinic AGONIST in the asthma challenge test?

A

methacholine

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6
Q

Which respiratory drug is a person most likely to attempt to get high off of?

A

dextromethorphan

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6
Q

What is the MOA of methacholine?

A

Muscarinic agonist used in asthma challenge test

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6
Q

What drugs can be used to open obstructed eustachian tubes

A

pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

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7
Q

What is the MOA of montelukast and zafirlukast?

A

block leukotriene receptors

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8
Q

Which drug is a methylxanthine and produces bronchodilation?

A

theophylline

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9
Q

Name 2 alpha agonist alpha-agonists used for colds

A

pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

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11
Q

Name 3 second generation antihistamines

A

loratidine, fexofenadine, cetirizine

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12
Q

Which drugs block leukotriene receptors?

A

zafirlukast and montelukast

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12
Q

What drug is a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody?

A

omalizumab–binds mostly to the UNBOUND serum IgE

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13
Q

When is omalizumab indicated?

A

In chronic asthma that is REFRACTORY to inhaled steroids (beclamethasone, fluticasone) and long-acting B2 agonists (salmeterol, formoterol)

15
Q

What 2 pathways are anti-asthmatic drugs targeting?

A

inflammation and parasympathetics as these both lead to bronchoconstriction

16
Q

What is the MOA of gaunifenesin?

A

Thins respiratory secretions so functions as an expectorant but has NO effect on cough reflex

17
Q

What is the MOA of dextromethorphan?

A

antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors (but it is also a mild codiene analog)

18
Q

Which drug inhibits the synthesis of leukotrienes?

A

zileuton

19
Q

What drugs are first line therapy for chronic asthma?

A

corticosteroids – beclomethasone and fluticasone

20
Q

Which drug competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors for pulmonary hypertension?

A

Bosentan

22
Q

Name the acute B2 agonist

A

albuterol

23
Q

What are the AE of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine?

A

hypertension and CNS stimulation and anxiety

24
Q

Name 2 long acting beta2 agonists

A

salmeterol and formoterol

25
Q

What is the toxicity of the first generation antihistamines?

A

sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic

26
Q

Which drug is also called Mucinex?

A

Guanifenesin

27
Q

Beclomethasone and Fluticasone are useful in asthma by inhibiting production of this important transcription factor _________

A

NF- kappa B (NF-kB)

29
Q

What is the MOA of N-acetylcysteine?

A

mucolytic used to loosen mucous plugs in cystic fibrosis patients and also used to treat overdose of acetaminophen by replenishing glutathione

30
Q

Name 2 muscarinic antagonists used for asthma and COPD

A

ipratropium and tiotropium

31
Q

What is the antidote for dextromethorphan overdose? Why?

A

Naloxone, because DXM is a mild opiate–synthetic codeine analog

32
Q

What is the MOA of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine?

A

alpha agonists so they decrease hyperemia by constricting blood vessels

34
Q

What is the MOA of zileuton?

A

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor –i.e. prevents the SYNTHESIS of leukotrienes

35
Q

What limits the use of theophylline?

A

a narrow therapeutic index, it causes cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity and is metabolized by P-450

36
Q

Which drug is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist for asthma and COPD?

A

tiotropium

37
Q

Which 2 classes of drugs ultimately increase cAMP in bronchial smooth muscle?

A

B2 agonists (activate cAMP synthesis) and methylxanthines (decrease cAMP degradation)

38
Q

What is the MOA of bosentan?

A

competitive antagonist of endothelin-1 receptor in pulmonary vasculature, thus it is used for Tx of pulmonary hypertension

39
Q

What is the MOA of cromolyn sodium?

A

Blocks a chloride channel to prevent mast cell degranulation

40
Q

Which drug blocks a chloride channel to prevent mast cell degranulation?

A

Cromolyn sodium

PHARM SHELF AND BOARDS (13 decks)

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