RESPIRATORY

Question 1

What is the MOA of theophylline? What cardiac drug does it block the effect of?

Answer 1

bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and increasing cAMP by decreasing its breakdown; adenosine

Question 2

What is the MOA for omalizumab?

Answer 2

monoclonal anti-IgE antibody

Question 3

What kind of drug is chlorpheneramine?

Answer 3

First Generation antihistamine

Question 3

Salmeterol and formeterol are long acting beta 2 agonists with these 2 AE’s:

Answer 3

tremor and arrhythmia

Question 3

Why are montelukast and zafirlukast the best drugs for aspirin induced asthma?

Answer 3

Because in ASA-induced asthma, all of the arachidonic metabolites have been shunted into leukotriene synthesis since COX is blocked, since these drugs inhibit leukotrine receptors they will alleviate the effects

Question 5

Why are second generation antihistamines less sedating than first generation?

Answer 5

Don?t cross the BBB

Question 5

Which drug is used as muscarinic AGONIST in the asthma challenge test?

Answer 5

methacholine

Question 6

Which respiratory drug is a person most likely to attempt to get high off of?

Answer 6

dextromethorphan

Question 6

What is the MOA of methacholine?

Answer 6

Muscarinic agonist used in asthma challenge test

Question 6

What drugs can be used to open obstructed eustachian tubes

Answer 6

pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

Question 7

What is the MOA of montelukast and zafirlukast?

Answer 7

block leukotriene receptors

Question 8

Which drug is a methylxanthine and produces bronchodilation?

Answer 8

theophylline

Question 9

Name 2 alpha agonist alpha-agonists used for colds

Answer 9

pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

Question 11

Name 3 second generation antihistamines

Answer 11

loratidine, fexofenadine, cetirizine

Question 12

Which drugs block leukotriene receptors?

Answer 12

zafirlukast and montelukast

Question 12

What drug is a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody?

Answer 12

omalizumab–binds mostly to the UNBOUND serum IgE

Question 13

When is omalizumab indicated?

Answer 13

In chronic asthma that is REFRACTORY to inhaled steroids (beclamethasone, fluticasone) and long-acting B2 agonists (salmeterol, formoterol)

Question 15

What 2 pathways are anti-asthmatic drugs targeting?

Answer 15

inflammation and parasympathetics as these both lead to bronchoconstriction

Question 16

What is the MOA of gaunifenesin?

Answer 16

Thins respiratory secretions so functions as an expectorant but has NO effect on cough reflex

Question 17

What is the MOA of dextromethorphan?

Answer 17

antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors (but it is also a mild codiene analog)

Question 18

Which drug inhibits the synthesis of leukotrienes?

Answer 18

zileuton

Question 19

What drugs are first line therapy for chronic asthma?

Answer 19

corticosteroids – beclomethasone and fluticasone

Question 20

Which drug competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors for pulmonary hypertension?

Answer 20

Bosentan

Question 22

Name the acute B2 agonist

Answer 22

albuterol

Question 23

What are the AE of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine?

Answer 23

hypertension and CNS stimulation and anxiety

Question 24

Name 2 long acting beta2 agonists

Answer 24

salmeterol and formoterol

Question 25

What is the toxicity of the first generation antihistamines?

Answer 25

sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-alpha-adrenergic

Question 26

Which drug is also called Mucinex?

Answer 26

Guanifenesin

Question 27

Beclomethasone and Fluticasone are useful in asthma by inhibiting production of this important transcription factor \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

NF- kappa B (NF-kB)

Question 29

What is the MOA of N-acetylcysteine?

Answer 29

mucolytic used to loosen mucous plugs in cystic fibrosis patients and also used to treat overdose of acetaminophen by replenishing glutathione

Question 30

Name 2 muscarinic antagonists used for asthma and COPD

Answer 30

ipratropium and tiotropium

Question 31

What is the antidote for dextromethorphan overdose? Why?

Answer 31

Naloxone, because DXM is a mild opiate--synthetic codeine analog

Question 32

What is the MOA of pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine?

Answer 32

alpha agonists so they decrease hyperemia by constricting blood vessels

Question 34

What is the MOA of zileuton?

Answer 34

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor --i.e. prevents the SYNTHESIS of leukotrienes

Question 35

What limits the use of theophylline?

Answer 35

a narrow therapeutic index, it causes cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity and is metabolized by P-450

Question 36

Which drug is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist for asthma and COPD?

Answer 36

tiotropium

Question 37

Which 2 classes of drugs ultimately increase cAMP in bronchial smooth muscle?

Answer 37

B2 agonists (activate cAMP synthesis) and methylxanthines (decrease cAMP degradation)

Question 38

What is the MOA of bosentan?

Answer 38

competitive antagonist of endothelin-1 receptor in pulmonary vasculature, thus it is used for Tx of pulmonary hypertension

Question 39

What is the MOA of cromolyn sodium?

Answer 39

Blocks a chloride channel to prevent mast cell degranulation

Question 40

Which drug blocks a chloride channel to prevent mast cell degranulation?

Answer 40

Cromolyn sodium