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PHARM SHELF AND BOARDS > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 drugs block thyroid peroxidase and therefore organification?

A

Propylthiouracil and Methimazole

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1
Q

What is unique about propylthiouracil vs. methimazole?

A

Propylthiouracil also blocks the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 by blocking 5’ deiodinase

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1
Q

What drug can cause nephrogenic DI and tooth abnormalities?

A

Demeclocycline it is a member of tetracycline family

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1
Q

What are the short acting insulins?

A

Regular insulin

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1
Q

What drug is a biguanide?

A

metformin

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1
Q

What is the MOA of the glitazones/thiazolidinediones?

A

They increase peripheral insulin sensitivity by binding trascription factor PPAR-gamma

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2
Q

What kind of drugs are pioglitazone and rosiglitazone?

A

Glitazones/Thizolidinediones

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3
Q

Which thyroid peroxidase inhibitor is a potential teratogen? Which can cause hepatotoxicity?

A

Teratogen = methimazole; Hepatotoxcity = propylthiouracil

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4
Q

What kind of drug is metformin?

A

Biguanide

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5
Q

What is demclocycline used to Tx? What can it cause?

A

Tx SIADH can cause nephrogenic DI

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6
Q

What kind of drugs are glargine and detemir?

A

long-acting insulins

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7
Q

Name 3 second generation sulfonylureas

A

Glyburide, Glimepiride, and Glipizide

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9
Q

MOA of methimazole

A

Thyroid peroxidase inhibitor

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9
Q

What kind of drugs are chlorpropamide and tolbutamide?

A

first generation sulfonylureas

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9
Q

What kind of drugs are exanatide and liraglutide? MOA?

A

GLP-1 analogs; act as incretins to increase insulin release and decrease glucagon

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10
Q

What treats central diabetes insipidus? What treats nephrogenic?

A

DDAVP (desmopressin); Thiazide diuretics

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12
Q

What diabetes drug can also treat life-threatening hyperkalemia?

A

any of the insulins (insulin pulls K back into cells)

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13
Q

What are the 3 rapid-acting insulins?

A

Lispro, Aspart, and Glulisine

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14
Q

2 indications for adminstration of growth hormone

A

GH deficiency and Turner syndrome

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14
Q

What can be caused by chronic use of glucocorticoids? What about chronic use with abrupt stoppage?

A

Iatrogenic Cushing’s; Adrenocortical insufficiency

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16
Q

What blood disorder can be treated with the same drug that treats central diabetes insipidus?

A

Von Willebrand Disease (DDAVP causes release of vWF from Weibel Palade bodies in endothelium)

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17
Q

What kind of drugs are glulisine, lispro, and aspart?

A

Rapid acting insulins

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17
Q

Which diabetes drugs are likely to cause weight gain?

A

Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone (glitazones/thiazolidinediones)

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18
Q

What 2 drugs are used to replace thyroxine?

A

Levothyroxine (T4) and Triiodiothyronine (T3)

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18
Q

What kind of drugs are glyburide, glimepiride, and glipizide?

A

second generation sulfonylureas

19
Q

Which diabetic medication can cause pancreatitis?

A

Exanatide and Liraglutide (GLP-1 analogs)

20
Q

What are the 2 long actin insulins?

A

Glargine and Detemir

21
Q

Why is metforin contraindicated in renal failure?

A

Because it causes a metabolic acidosis that the kidneys would not be able to handle

22
Q

What is the intermediate acting insulin?

A

NPH insulin

23
Q

What kind of drug is triamcinolone?

A

Glucocorticoid

25
Q

Compare the AE of first generation sulfonylureas to second generation sulfonylureas

A

First generation = disulfiram like reaction; second generation = hypoglycemia

27
Q

What kind of drug is miglitol?

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

27
Q

which drugs decrease post-prandial hyperglycemia?

A

acarbose and miglitol

29
Q

What are the AE of the glitazones/thiazolidinediones? (4)

A

Weight gain, Hepatotoxicity, Heart failure, Edema

31
Q

What are the AE of insulin drugs?

A

Hypoglycemia (rarely = hypersensitivity)

32
Q

Name 2 first generation Sulfonylureas

A

Tolbutamide and Chlorpropamide

32
Q

What is the AE of chlorpropamide and tolbutamide?

A

First generation sulfonylureas = disulfiram like rxn

34
Q

What kind of drug is pramlintide?

A

An amylin analog (decreases glucagon)

35
Q

What are the AE of metformin?

A

GI upset, more seriously = lactic acidosis

37
Q

Name 2 alpha-glucosidae inhibitors

A

acarbose and miglitol

38
Q

Name 3 DPP-4 inhibitors

A

linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin

39
Q

AE of GLP-1 analogs?

A

PANCREATITIS, N/V

40
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonylureas?

A

Close the K channel on Beta cells of pancreas leading to depolarization of the cell and release of ENDOGENOUS insulin; thus, they require some islet fxn to work

41
Q

Which thyroid drug can cause hepatotoxicity?

A

propylthiouracil (thyroid peroxidase inhibitor)

42
Q

What 2 drugs increase insulin sensitivity by binding to PPAR-gamma?

A

Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone

43
Q

Name 2 glitazones/thiazolidinediones

A

Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone

46
Q

What kind of drug is NPH insulin?

A

Intermediate acting insulin

47
Q

Which drug is DOC for type II DM?

A

Metformin (a biguanide)

49
Q

What are the AE of levothyroxine and triiodothyronine?

A

Tremors, Heat intolerance, tachycardia, arrhythmias (upregulate B1 receptors on heart)

50
Q

Which endocrine drugs have a disulfiram like reaction?

A

first generation sulfonylureas– chlorpropamide and tolbutamide

51
Q

What is the MOA of acarbose and miglitol?

A

Inhibit alpha-glucosidase on intestinal brushborder to SLOW sugar absorption

52
Q

What is the AE of glyburide, glimipiride, and glipizide?

A

second generation sulfonylureas = hypoglycemia

53
Q

Which thryoid peroxidase inhibitor does NOT decrease peripheral converision of T4 to T3?

A

Methimazole

54
Q

Which 2 drugs are GLP-1 analogs?

A

Exanatide and Liraglutide (GLP-1 is an incretin)

55
Q

MOA of propylthiouracil

A

Thyroid peroxidase inhibitor

56
Q

What kind of drugs end in gliptin?

A

DPP-4 inhibitors

57
Q

Which adrenocortical disease can glucocorticoids be used to treat?

A

Addison’s disease

58
Q

What are 5 clinical uses of octreotide?

A

Acute bleeding of esophageal varices, Acromegaly, Insulinoma, Glucagonoma, Gastrinoma, and Carcinoid

59
Q

What kind of drug is regular insulin?

A

A short acting insulin

60
Q

What kind of genes are regulated by PPAR-gamma? What drugs affect this nuclear regulator?

A

insulin and fatty acid storage (adiponectin); the glitazones/thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone and rosiglitazone)

PHARM SHELF AND BOARDS (13 decks)

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