Respiratory Flashcards
Name the most important kind of Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis
Farmers lung disease
What is the basic pathology of pneumoconiosis and name 3 causes
Fibrosis due to occupation inhalation -
Coal workers, silicosis and asbestosis
What name is given to the stretch auto regulation response affecting vascular tone?
Bayliss Myogenic Response
What 4 substances make up granulation tissue?
Macrophages, capillary loops, fibroblasts and collagen
What type of stain is used for organisms that resist de colourisation by acid (acid-fast) eg TB?
Ziehl-Neelson
What is the name of the primary lesion of granulomatous inflammation that forms in TB?
Ghon focus
What special property enables TB bacilli to avoid normal defences?
Resistant to phagocytes killing mechanisms and can survive within phagocytes. (Inhibit the fusion of lysosomes to the phagocytic vacuole)
Name 5 defects in lung defences that could result in increased risk of infection
Poor swallowing (stroke, muscle weakness, alcohol)
Abnormal mucus (cystic fibrosis)
Poor ciliary clearance (Kartageners, smoking, viral infection)
Effects in host immunity (immunosuppression, HIV)
Abnormal airways (bronchiectasis)
A FEV1/FVC ratio of below what value indicates COPD?
0.7
Name the 4 main type of lung cancer, and name which is the most common
Squamous cell (most common)
Adenocarcinoma
Small cell
Large cell
Name the 3 main viruses that cause resp disease
Influenza
RSV
Rhinovirus
Name the 4 bacteria that most commonly cause RTIs
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilius influenzae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
What is an ‘atypical’ pneumonia and name 4 bacteria that cause this.
Caused by bacteria without cell walls so require protein synth ABs eg Macrolides/Tetracyclines.
Eg Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella, Coxiella
What is an alternative name for dysplasia?
Intraepithelial neoplasia
Histologically, how do dysplasic cells differ from normal ones?
Enlarger, irregular, darker (hyperchromatic) nuclei.
Cells crowded with disordered distribution
