Life Cycles

Question 0

What are the two most common pelvic outlet shapes for a) women and b) men?

Answer 0

Women - android (heart) or gynecoid (flattened heart)
Men - android (heart) or anthropoid (portrait oval)
(Also platypelloid - landscape oval)

Question 1

Name three treatments for fibroids

Answer 1

Surgery (myo-/hysterectomy)
Hormonal manipulation
Arterial embolism (fibroid infarction)

Question 2

What does TORCH stand for in maternal infection?

Answer 2

Toxoplasma gonadii
Others - HIV, syphilis, VZV, Hep B
Rubella
CMV
Herpes simplex

Question 3

Which 4 infections are all women routinely screened for?

Answer 3

HIV, Hep B, Syphilis and Rubella

Question 4

What is the name of the fibrosis caused by malignant neoplasms that make them feel hard eg breast cancer?

Answer 4

Desmoplasia

Question 5

At what week does the placenta take over production of O and P from the corpus luteum?

Answer 5

8 weeks

Question 6

What are 4 symptoms of fetal CMV infection?

Answer 6

IUGR, microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae

Question 7

Name 5 substances that the seminal vesicles secrete to nourish sperm

Answer 7

AAs, fructose, prostaglandins, citric and ascorbic acid

Question 8

What does ICSI stand for?

Answer 8

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Question 9

What does the Guthrie card test for in the Newborn Screening Programme?

Answer 9

Phenylketonuria
Hypothyroidism
Cystic Fibrosis
Sickle cell anaemia
MCADD

Question 10

In terms of uterine contractility, name 3 relaxants and 3 stimulants.

Answer 10

Relaxants: progesterone, relaxin and NO
Stimulants: oestrogen, oxytocin, prostaglandins

Question 11

What dosage of folic acid should a woman trying to conceive take?

Answer 11

400 micrograms per day

Question 12

What dosage of Vit D are pregnant women recommended to take?

Answer 12

10 micrograms per day

Question 13

What are the 4 stages of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Answer 13

Sensorimotor stage (0-2yrs) - innate reflexes, first words, dev of object permanence.
Pre-operational stage (2-7yrs) - symbolic and dev of logical thinking, egocentric to age 4
Concrete operational stage (7-11yrs) - empathy, logical thinking
Formal operational stage (11+)- abstract reasoning, hypothetical thinking

Question 14

What does Laplace’s Law state?

Answer 14

Pressure = Tension/radius
Takes a higher pressure to expand a smaller sphere than a. Larger one. Alveoli should not work (therefore need surfactant)

Question 15

Which surfactant makes up 93% of surfactant?

Answer 15

DPPC - dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Question 16

Which two surfactant rotting have immune function? How do they aid the immune system?

Answer 16

SP-A and SP-D
Bind and agglutinate pathogens
Bind alveolar macrophages
Promote phagocytosis
Promote clearance of pathogens

Question 17

What is hPL and what is its other name?

Answer 17

Human placental lactogen (hCS - human chorionic somatomammotropin) - secreted by the syncytiotrophoblast during pregnancy, with structure and function similar to GH. It modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy to facilitate the energy supply of the fetus, anti-insulin properties.